劳动社会:行动、凝思及其关系——兼论韩炳哲对阿伦特的批评

On Society of Labor:Action,Contemplation,and Their Relationship——A Discussion on Byung-Chul Han's Critique of Arendt

伴随着“积极生活”与“沉思生活”从西方传统哲学到现代功绩社会的长期纷争,“劳动”实现了自身的价值重估和文化逆转,其绝对性地位也引发了“劳动动物”等一系列社会评判。阿伦特和韩炳哲立足于各自的理论框架,分别指出具有变革潜能的“行动”和作为生存美学的“凝思”对于解决现代社会问题的启示。现代劳动社会呈现出的“行动”对“凝思”吞并与倒转的现象,实则是一种单向度文化机制下的资本运作与生产模式,在暴露功绩主体种种问题的同时,也为普通劳动主体革命潜力的释放提供了契机。面对这种单向度文化的渗透与扩张,我们应重新审视现代劳动主体,恢复多向度文化和“行动”与“凝思”等不同活动的本体论内涵,由此获得人类生存境况的多元可能性。

With the long-standing conflicts between"active life"and"thoughtful life"transitioning from Western traditional philosophy to modern merit society,"labor"has achieved a reevaluation of its value and cultural reversal.Its absolute status has also triggered a series of social judgments such as"laboring animals".Arendt and Byung-Chul Han,rooted in their respective theoretical frameworks,indicate that"action"has transformative potential,whilst"contemplation"is seen as an aesthetic of survival,which provides insights into resolving modern societal issues.The phenomenon that modern society of labor presents,where"action"overtakes and reverses"contemplation",which essentially exposes issues in a one-dimensional cultural mechanism influenced by capital operations and production models.While revealing a variety of problems of merit subjects,it also offers a chance for the revolutionary potential of ordinary labor subjects to be unleashed.Facing this pervasive and expansive one-dimensional culture,we should re-examine modern labor subjects,restore multi-dimensional cultures and the ontological implications of different activities like."action"and"contemplation",thereby gaining diverse possibilities for human existence.