我国土壤健康研究现状与展望

Current status and prospects of soil health research in China

土壤健康是陆地生态系统稳定与健康的基础,合理评价土壤健康状况直接关系到农业生产的可持续性、生态环境的稳定以及人类健康。近年来,关于土壤健康的科学研究越来越成为国内土壤科学研究领域的核心热点,但由于生态系统类型的多样性、空间尺度的广泛性、土地利用方式及农业结构的差异性以及土壤生态系统功能的复杂性,科学、精准地评价土壤健康状况面临诸多挑战。在总结土壤健康的内涵与发展的基础上,重点阐述了目前国内外主流土壤健康评价方法,包括基于土壤健康评价基准的方法、康奈尔方法、基于土壤功能的方法、我国耕地质量(土壤健康)评价方法、机器学习和分析诊断的土壤健康评价方法;在此基础上,初步构建了适合我国国情的土壤健康评价框架和通用流程,系统阐述了土壤健康评价结果的应用并深入解析我国土壤健康评价当前存在的问题,提出了未来土壤健康的研究展望,特别强调了多目标协同评价体系的构建、跨生态系统与空间尺度的适应性评价方法的创新以及健康土壤培育技术的研发与应用,以期高质量推进土壤健康研究,从而保护和改善土壤资源,支持农业生产,维护生态环境健康。

Soil health is the foundation of the stability and health of terrestrial ecosystems,and a reasonable evaluation of soil health is directly related to the sustainability of agricultural production,the stability of ecological environment,and human health.In recent years,soil health research has increasingly become a core hotspot in the field of soil science research both at home and abroad.However,due to the diversity of ecosystem types,the extensiveness of spatial scales,the differences in land use patterns and agricultural structures,as well as the complexity of soil ecosystem functions,it poses great challenges to scientifically and accurately evaluate soil health.On the basis of summarizing the concept and development of soil health,this paper focuses on the mainstream soil health evaluation methods both at home and abroad,including methods based on soil health evaluation benchmarks,the Cornell method,soil functions-based methods,China's arable land quality(soil health)evaluation methods,and methods using machine learning and analytical diagnosis.On this basis,we preliminarily construct a soil health evaluation framework and general process suitable for China's national conditions,systematically elaborate on the application of soil health evaluation results,and the current soil health evaluation problems in China.Finally,we propose future research prospects for soil health,especially emphasizing the construction of a multi-objective collaborative evaluation system,innovation in adaptive evaluation methods across ecosystems and spatial scales,and the research and application of healthy soil cultivation technologies.These efforts aim to promote high-quality soil health research,thereby protecting and improving soil resources,supporting agricultural production,and maintaining environmental health.