静电纺丝碳纳米纤维催化剂电还原CO_(2)的研究现状

Research status of carbon nanofiber catalysts of electrospinning for electroreduction of CO_(2)

电催化CO_(2)还原是缓解温室效应的有效措施,然而,该反应动力学缓慢、且伴随析氢反应。因此,开发高性能催化剂成为电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)的研究热点。静电纺丝碳纳米纤维因其比表面积大、导电性高、结构可控等优点,已广泛用于电催化CO_(2)RR催化剂的开发。从电催化CO_(2)RR机理出发,讨论了甲酸、一氧化碳、乙烯、乙醇等产物的反应路径,总结了用于电催化CO_(2)RR的非金属掺杂静电纺丝碳纳米纤维催化剂和静电纺丝碳纳米纤维负载金属催化剂的研究进展。非金属掺杂可以有效改变催化剂的表面缺陷密度、电子结构和表面化学性质,提升了电催化CO_(2)RR性能;静电纺丝碳纳米纤维使金属原子的d-轨道能级接近费米能级,使其在反应过程中易于接受电子,从而优化催化剂的电子结构,改变电催化CO_(2)RR反应动力学,提高反应速率。在此基础上提出了静电纺丝碳纳米纤维基电催化CO_(2)还原催化剂所面临的机遇和挑战。

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2) RR)is an effective measure to alleviate the greenhouse effect.However,the reaction kinetics is slow and is accompanied by hydrogen evolution.Therefore,the development of catalysts with high performance has become a research hotspot of electrocatalytic CO_(2) RR.Electrospun carbon nanofibers have been widely used in the development of electrocatalytic CO_(2) RR catalysts due to their large specific surface area,high conductivity and controllable structure.Based on the mechanism of electrocatalysis of CO_(2) RR,the reaction paths of formic acid,carbon monoxide,ethylene,ethanol and other products were discussed.The research progress of non-metal doped carbon nanofiber and carbon nanofiber loaded metal catalysts for electrocatalysis of CO_(2) RR was summarized.Non-metallic doping can effectively change the surface defect density,electronic structure and surface chemical properties of the catalyst,and improve the performance of electrocatalytic CO_(2) RR.The d-orbital level of the metal atom is close to the Fermi level,which makes it easy to accept electrons in the reaction process,to optimize the electronic structure of the catalyst,change the kinetics of the electrocatalytic CO_(2) RR reac-tion,and improve the reaction rate.On this basis,the opportunities and challenges of electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction catalysts for electrospinning carbon nanofibers were put forward.