影视人类学视野下《亚鲁王》的观看之道 ——基于《王的祭奠》的制作与阐述

Viewing"King Yalu"under the Perspective of Movie and TV Anthropology:Based on the Production and Interpretation of"Sacrifice to the King"

民族志影像制作过程中拍摄者与被拍摄者“相遇”的情景事实,是影视人类学学术生产中亟待反思的新论题。以亚鲁王文化展演为拍摄主题的民族志影片《王的祭奠》,通过“砍马仪式”的观看深描,向观众展示了一种基于摄影机、学者、导游在场的与村民、文化持有者之间互视交流的过程。从仪式拍摄的角度,仪式之外的意外事件是《王的祭奠》的叙事重点;从民俗记录的角度,民俗之外的人与人之间的“交流的无奈”是本片的偏向;从拍摄视角,主观的个人参与“相遇”视角是影片制作者的主动选择。基于民族志影片《王的祭奠》的制作缘起、制作过程和交流反馈的整体性视野,分析了英雄史诗《亚鲁王》复兴式的文化展演引发的对“亚鲁王文化”的观看与被观看、拍摄与被拍摄、让看与不让看的情景事实,呈现出影像互视的观看之道。

The scenes of"meeting"between the people shooting and being shot in ethnographic video production are a new issue urgently needing reflections in the academic production of movie and TV anthropology."Sacrifice to the King",an ethnographic movie whose theme centers on the performance of King Yalu culture,presents to the audience,through a deep-depicting view of"horse-cutting ritual",an inter-viewing communicative process between the presence of camera,scholars and tour guides,and the villagers and culture holders.In terms of ritual shooting the unexpected incidence beyond the ritual is the narrative highlight of"Sacrifice to the King";in terms of folklore recording the"have-to communication"between people beyond the folklore is the inclination of the movie;in terms of shooting angle the subjective,personal participation in"meeting"is the active choice of movie producer.Based on the production rationale,production process and communication feedback of the ethnographic movie"Sacrifice to the King",this paper analyzes viewing and being viewed,shooting and being shot,and being allowed to view and being denied the viewing of"King Yalu culture"through the renaissance-style cultural performance of the heroic epic"King Yalu",thus showing the viewing approach of video inter-viewing.