氢燃料电池汽车在低温环境下的常见问题及应对策略

Common Problems and Countermeasures of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in Low Temperature Environment

氢燃料电池汽车(FCVs)作为一种具有潜力的清洁能源交通工具,因对环境友好和具备高能量效率特性备受瞩目,然而,其在低温环境下运行面临显著问题与挑战,这些问题不仅影响车辆性能,而且可能限制其在寒冷地区的推广应用。文章旨在探讨FCVs在低温环境下所面临的主要问题与挑战,通过对氢燃料电池工作原理的分析以及低温对材料性能的影响研究,揭示了低温环境下启动困难、氢气储存安全性降低、发动机寿命减少等一系列问题,并从材料、燃料电池技术、整车、运营层面提出了可能的解决策略。

As a potential clean energy vehicle,hydrogen fuel cell vehicles(FCVs)have attracted much attention for their environment-friendly and high energy-efficient characteristics.However,their operation in low temperature environments faces significant problems and challenges,which not only affect vehicle performance,but also may limit their application in cold regions.This paper aims to discuss the main problems and challenges faced by FCVs in low temperature environment.Through the analysis of the working principle of hydrogen fuel cells and the study of the influence of low temperature on material properties,a series of problems such as start-up difficulties,reduced hydrogen storage safety,and reduced engine life are revealed.The possible solutions are proposed from the aspects of materials,fuel cell technology,vehicle and operation.