抗战时期武术家朱国福武术活动的历史考察

A Historical Investigation of Martial Arts Activities of Zhu Guofu during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

文章运用文献资料、历史研究等方法,通过新史料的发掘,基于政治社会史视角,以有“武状元”之称的著名武术家朱国福为研究对象,对其早年武术行迹与抗战时期武术活动进行历史考察。研究发现,朱国福早年在冀津两地拜师学艺,后从天津至上海从事护院镖客职业;在南京的国术国考夺魁后,他应邀至南京中央国术馆任教务处长。九一八事变后,朱国福为切实实现“练为战”武术思想,辗转至湖南湘西积极投身军队武术训练事业。之后他到重庆,应地方政府官员要求组建重庆市国术馆;七七事变爆发后,为配合战时国民体育政策,朱国福与当地政府和社团紧密合作,通过开展武术竞赛、武术义演与武术培训等活动,努力践行着“强国强种”“武术救国”的抗战事业,在助力军事抗战的同时,亦推动了当地武术事业的发展。朱国福在抗战时期的各种武术活动,不仅体现了武术在战争中所扮演的角色和具有的社会功能,且折射出了近代中国武术在战争影响下日益国家化的演变态势。

Based on the excavation of new historical materials,and using the methods of literature review and historical research,this study takes the famous martial artist Zhu Guofu,known as the"Martial Arts Champion",as the research subject to investigate,from the perspective of political and social history,his martial arts activities both in his early years and during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.The findings indicate that Zhu Guofu learned martial arts under mentors in Hebei and Tianjin in his early years,and later worked as an armed escort on the road from Shanghai to Tianjin.After winning the national martial arts championship in Nanjing,he was invited to serve as the Director of Teaching Affairs at the Central National Martial Arts Academy in Nanjing.After the September 18 Incident,Zhu Guofu actively devoted himself to military martial arts training in Xiangxi,Hunan,in order to fully implement the philosophy of"training for war".Later on,he went to Chongqing at the request of local government officials,and established the Chongqing National Martial Arts Academy.After the July 7th Incident of 1937,he acted in line with the national sports policy during the war,and closely cooperated with the local government and organizations by launching such activities as martial arts competitions,martial arts charity performances,and martial arts training.These activities not only supported the great cause of resistance against Japanese aggression,but also promoted the development of Wushu in the local areas.Zhu Guofu's various martial arts activities during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression not only embodies the role and social functions of martial arts in war,but also reflects the increasingly nationalized evolution of modern Chinese martial arts under the influence of war.