汉画中“两两相当”角抵图像的考释与研究

Elucidation and Research on Juedi Images of"Two-man Confrontation"in Han Dynasty Paintings

汉画中的角抵戏,作为汉代社会生活中一类综合艺术形式的形象再现,始终是学界关注的一个重要领域。其中以“两两相当”特征呈现的角抵,因其在汉画中的多样表现形态和所蕴含的浓厚武术技击信息,已经引起了体育界及相关领域专家的关注。本研究通过对多年来考古发掘及传世汉画中“两两相当”之角抵资料的归类整理,结合相关文献资料的分析,对角抵在汉代的发展、历史影响及其价值进行了探讨。认为,以“两两相当”为特征的两人角抵技击形式,在展示汉代社会文化的各类汉画中有着多样的形象呈现,既有两人之间的徒手角抵,亦有两人之间徒手对器械的角抵,更有两人之间互相持械的角抵。这类角抵形式的昌盛及其普及,为中华传统武术文化于汉代达成历史进程中的第一个发展高峰奠定了基础,而这类角抵形态所涉及的不同形式双人技击方式的流行,对中国古代武艺武术的演进、传承和整体发展产生了深远的影响。

As a representation of a kind of comprehensive art form in the social life of the Han dynasty,the Juedi image in Han dynasty paintings has always been an important field of academic research.The Juedi image featuring"two-man confrontation"has attracted the attention of many experts in sports,Wushu and related fields because of its various forms of expression in Han dynasty paintings and its strong information on attack and defense in Wushu.Based on the archaeological excavations over the past years and the paintings handed down from the Han dynasty,this paper discusses the development,historical influence and value of Juedi.This paper holds that two-man Juedi,featuring"two-man confrontation",are in various forms including bare-handed Juedi between two men,Juedi between one bare-handed man and another man armed with instrument,and two-man Juedi with instruments in their hands.These Juedi forms show the social culture of the Han Dynasty.The prosperity and popularity of this kind of Juedi laid the foundation for the first peak that Chinese traditional Wushu culture of the Han dynasty in Chinese historical development.the prevailing of different forms of"two-man confrontation"Juedi had a far-reaching impact on the evolution,heritage and overall development of Wushu in ancient China.