清末民国时期中国女子体操学校发展考释

Research on the Development of Female Gymnastics Schools of China during the Late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China

中国女子体操学校创设于1908年(清光绪戊申年),历时约33年,培养女子体育师资千余人,期间两次中断又相继维系,经历多次战争摧毁又得以重生,开中国女子体育专业教育之先河。但现有研究对该校创办时间、创办人、学校称谓、修业年限等基本信息缺乏深入考证,致使体育史教材、各类辞典对其介绍存在诸多错误。本研究运用文献资料、逻辑互证等方法,对该校诸多存疑问题进行考证,并从学校名称、创设时间、负责人变化、修业年限、课程设置、师资队伍等方面梳理了该校的发展历程,以期再现该校百年前发展的真实样态,展现中国近代体育教育工作者为女子体育教育事业奋斗的心路历程,为中国体育教育事业高质量发展提供中国经验。

Female Gymnastics School of China,first founded in the Wushen year of the Guangxu reign in the Qing dynasty,lasted for about 33 years and cultivated more than 1,000 female physical education teachers,which blazed a trail for professional female physical education in China.However,there has been a lack of research on its founding time,founder,school name and years of study so far.As a result,many mistakes have occurred in the introduction concerning the history of female physical education in textbooks and dictionaries.Using the methods of literature review and logic analysis,the author has conducted an investigation,attempting to clarify a number of questions concerning the school name,the founding time,the change of the person in charge,years of study,curriculum,and teaching staff,so as to reveal the truth regarding the development of the school one hundred years ago,and to show the mental evolution of the physical education workers in modern China in their struggle for the cause of female physical education,thus providing valuable experience for the better development of physical education in China.