马克思与海德格尔:对人的存在问题的澄清与阐明

Marx and Heidegger:Clarification and Elucidation of the Question of Human Existence

苏格拉底强调人们应该注重对自我的认识,这一观点不仅将哲学研究的对象转向了现实生活,也促使哲学研究的焦点从对天上的探究转变成了对人类自身的关注。迄今为止,人依然是哲学研究中的重要对象,对人的存在问题的研究是哲学界关注的焦点问题。黑格尔之后的现代西方哲学经历了一场深刻的变革,尽管不同的哲学流派对于人的存在方式的研究各不相同,但他们都表现出对之前的理性主义主体哲学及其关于人的本质的理论的反驳。在这些试图颠覆传统理性主义主体哲学的不同哲学流派中,马克思和海德格尔被公认为对人的存在问题的历史性视野研究中走在前沿的典型代表与先锋。所以,探析在马克思视野中和海德格尔视野中人的存在问题,对我们研究现代西方哲学中关于人的哲学的发展具有重要意义。

Socrates emphasized that people should focus on their self-knowledge,which not only turned the object of philosophical research to real life,but also changed the focus of philosophical research from the exploration of heaven to the concern for human beings themselves.Up to now,human beings are still an important object of philosophical research,and the study of human existence is the key issue in the field of philosophy.After Hegel,modern western philosophy has witnessed a profound transformation,in which although different philosophical schools have various ways on their studies on human existence,they all issued a rebuttal to the previous rationalist subjective philosophy and its theories on human nature.Among these different philosophical schools that tries to subvert the traditional rationalist subjective philosophy on the question of human existence and human nature,Marx and Heidegger are recognized as the leading representatives and pioneers in the study of the historical vision of human existence.Therefore,exploring the question of human existence in Marx's vision and Heidegger's vision is of great significance to our study of the development of the philosophy of man in modern Western philosophy.