干事与节用:张謇的易学节用观及其当代价值

Accomplishment of Undertakings and Economy of Expenditures: Zhang Jian's Thought on Frugality from the Perspective of Yi-ology and Its Contemporary Value

从张謇《周易音训句读》节卦的训诂解释,以及张謇对“节”的义理阐释可以看出,张謇对于干事与节用之间的关系有深刻体会。他认为施之于人的节道,不能过于苦,正如经言“苦节不利贞”,过于苦的节道不利于事业成功,干事与节用是不能相比的关系;而施之于己的节道,“苦节利贞”,有助于养成良好的生活习惯,有利于淬炼君子人格。张謇在生活中处处遵循节道,不仅个人生活极度节俭,家庭教育中也要求子女严格遵守节道。张謇易学节用观的当代价值主要体现在三个方面:提倡节俭、朴素、节制的生活方式;塑造节用以生财和利民的企业家精神;厚植以国家利益和人民幸福为干事出发点的爱国情怀。

From Zhang Jian's exegesis of hexagram Jie in Phonetic Interpretation and Punctuation of Zhouyi and his explanation of"jie",it can be seen that Zhang Jian had a profound understanding of the relationship between accomplishing undertakings and frugality.He believed that frugality as a requirement for others shouldn't be too harsh.Otherwise,as is stated in Yijing,"Harsh frugality does no good to the righteous path",it is not helpful to career success,and there isn't a positive correlation between accomplishment of an undertaking and economy of expenditures.On the other hand,when serving as the principle for one's own conduct,"being rigorously frugal does good to the righteous path",which helps to form good living habits and cultivate the character of junzi.Therefore,Zhang Jian not only adhered to the principle of frugality in his own life,but also required his children to follow it.The contemporary value of Zhang Jian's frugality thought is embodied mainly in three aspects:advocating a frugal,simple and moderate way of life;shaping the entrepreneurship of creating wealth and benefiting the people by frugality;enhancing patriotism with national interest and people's happiness as the starting point of an undertaking.