论“道德捉迷藏悖论”的成因、后果和治理路径

Moral "Hide and Seek" Paradox: Causes, Consequences and Governance Paths

有德之人通常不事张扬,国家和社会则致力找出有德之人并公开表彰,借此开展社会道德教育,这两种做法导致了“一方躲避、一方寻找”的“道德捉迷藏悖论”。该悖论的成因包括:个体德性的内敛性和社会表彰的外显性之间的矛盾、日常道德教育忽略综合培育施惠和受惠的相关德性,以及传统伦理思想缺少建构“德福一致”社会支持系统。“道德捉迷藏悖论”既不利于完善“德福一致”的社会支持系统,也不利于持续发挥道德的社会调节作用。消解该悖论的途径包括观念转变、教育变革和制度改进。综合国家、社会和个体的力量,建立和完善促进“德福一致”的长效社会支持系统,将逐渐消解“道德捉迷藏悖论”,提升社会文明程度。

Moral persons usually do not publicize their good deeds but the state and society are committed to finding them out and publicly commending them.These two approaches towards good deeds are opposite,leading to the moral"hide and seek"paradox.The causes of moral"hide and seek"paradox include the contradiction between introversion of individual virtue and extroversion of social recognition,the lack of comprehensive cultivation of benefactor and beneficiary virtues in daily moral education,and the lack of exploration of the social support system to improve consistency of virtue and happiness in traditional ethics.Moral"hide and seek"paradox is not conducive either to improving the social support system to improve consistency of virtue and happiness,or to the constant functioning of morality in social regulation.The governance paths to dissolve the paradox include transforming moral concepts,reforming daily moral education,and improving related systems.Based on the cooperation among the state,society,and individuals,a long-term social support system for consistency of virtue and happiness will gradually dissolve the moral"hide and seek"paradox and enhance the level of social civilization.