脂代谢平衡防治肿瘤发生、发展的研究进展

Research on the role of fatty acids in cancer prevention and treatment

人体内脂肪酸水平与食物成分摄入紧密相关,在肿瘤发展中具有重要作用。饮食中的碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪直接或间接影响脂肪酸代谢。通过饮食调整脂肪酸比例,特别是降低过高的棕榈酸水平和增加不饱和脂肪酸的比例,可改善肠道的抗炎环境和整体健康。增加绿叶菜的摄入可提供α-亚麻酸和丰富的膳食纤维,支持肠道菌群的多样性和平衡。增加ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入可优化肠道菌群,降低炎症与肿瘤风险,而高ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸摄入增加肠道炎症,可能促进肿瘤发生、发展。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和促进凋亡,通过竞争性抑制ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸的促炎作用来减少肿瘤风险。控制血液中ω-6与ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸及花生四烯酸与二十碳五烯酸的比例对降低慢病和肿瘤的风险十分重要。反式脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的高摄入与肿瘤风险增加有关,单不饱和脂肪酸对肿瘤的影响尚未明确,需更多研究以确定。因此,本文综述通过饮食合理控制不同脂肪酸的比例,有效调节肠道健康、降低炎症反应,将对影响肿瘤的发生、发展产生积极影响,为肿瘤的预防和治疗提供了新视角和策略。

The correlation between dietary intake and fatty acid profile within the human body significantly impacts tumor development.Carbohydrates,proteins,and fats influence fatty acid metabolism.Adjusting dietary fatty acid,including palmitic acid intake and unsaturated fatty acid consumption,may improve the gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory milieu and overall health.An increased intake of leafy greens supplies alpha-linolenic acid and enriches dietary fiber,thereby supporting the diversity and balance of the gut microbiota.Elevatingω-3 fatty acid levels has been shown to optimize gut flora,reduce inflammation,and decrease tumor risk.Conversely,a high dietary proportion ofω-6 fatty acids may exacerbate intestinal inflammation and potentially facilitate tumorigenesis.ω-3 PUFAs inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote apoptosis,mitigating tumor risk by antagonizing the proinflammatory effects ofω-6 PUFAs.Managing the ratios ofω-6∶ω-3 and arachidonic acid∶EPA helps reducing the incidence of chronic diseases and tumors.The effects of trans fats and saturated fats are linked to increased tumor risks,whereas the influence of monounsaturated fats remains variable,necessitating further investigation.In summary,strategic management of dietary fatty acids regulate intestinal health,mitigate inflammatory responses,and positively influence tumor prevention and treatment,offering new avenues for cancer management strategies.