肿瘤恶液质患者的营养治疗专家共识

Expert consensus on nutritional therapy for cancer cachexia

恶性肿瘤的恶液质发病率高,约20%恶性肿瘤患者死于恶液质。持续性的骨骼肌消耗是恶液质的核心表现,使得患者生活质量严重下降,增加并发症的发生率和病死率。对肿瘤恶液质患者需明确诊断,并进行分期及分级,有益于患者的抗肿瘤治疗和营养治疗。肿瘤恶液质患者表现为低摄入量以及代谢异常,均会导致蛋白及能量负平衡,需要增加能量及营养素摄入以纠正能量及蛋白质的负平衡。密切的营养随访、营养咨询和对患者的营养教育是预防及治疗肿瘤恶液质的重要措施,仅仅是对食物的不同选择,以及对食物摄入量的认识,就能使患者摄入更多的能量及营养素,从而可能有助于改善患者营养状况。

The incidence rate of cachexia in malignant tumors is high,and about 20%of patients with malignant tumors die of cachexia.Persistent skeletal muscle depletion is a core manifestation of cachexia,leading to a serious decline in the quality of life of patients,an increase in the incidence of complications and mortality.Clear diagnosis,staging,and grading are necessary for patients with malignant tumors,which is beneficial for their anti-tumor and nutritional treatments.Patients with malignant tumors exhibit low intake and metabolic abnormalities,both of which can lead to a negative balance of protein and energy.It is necessary to increase energy and nutrient intake to correct the negative balance of energy and protein.Close nutritional follow-up,nutritional counseling,and patient nutrition education are important measures for preventing and treating tumor cachexia.Simply choosing different foods and understanding their intake can help patients consume more energy and nutrients,which may help improve their nutritional status.