自我肯定和性别刻板印象威胁对大学生认知功能的影响

Effects of self-affirmation and gender stereotype threat on the cognitive function of college students

目的了解自我肯定和性别刻板印象威胁对大学生认知功能的影响。方法采用2(自我肯定/无自我肯定)×2(性别刻板印象威胁/无性别刻板印象威胁)两因素被试间实验设计,要求被试完成认知任务(男生组被试完成再认记忆任务,女生组被试完成心理旋转任务),以任务成绩为因变量。结果在性别刻板印象威胁下,男女大学生的认知任务成绩均低于未受性别刻板印象威胁的被试(男生组:F=10.327,P<0.01;女生组:F=6.114,P<0.05);在无性别刻板印象威胁下,自我肯定组与无自我肯定组认知任务成绩差异无统计学意义(男生组:F-1.37,P>0.05;女生组:F=0.87,P>0.05);在性别刻板印象威胁下,自我肯定组认知任务成绩高于无自我肯定组(男生组:F=9.83,P<0.01;女生组:F=7.32,P<0.01)。结论性别刻板印象威胁会降低大学生的认知能力;自我肯定能有效抵御认知-性别刻板印象威胁。

Objective To understand the effect of self-affirmation and gender stereotype threat on cognitive function of college students.Methods Adopt 2(self-affirmation,no self-affirmation)x 2(gender stereotype threat,no gender stereotype threat)two factor experimental design.Subjects were asked to complete cognitive tasks,the boys of which completed the task of re-recognizing and remembering,and the girls of which completed the task of mental rotation.Task achievements were seen as the dependent variable.Results When subjects were threatened by gender stereotype,their cognitive achievements were significantly lower than those who were not threatened by gender stereotypes(Male group:F=10.327,P<0.01;Female group:F=6.114,P<0.05).In the absence of gender stereotype threat,cognitive achievements of the self-affirmation group and the non self-affirmation group had no significant differences(Male group:F=1.37,P>0.05;Female group:F=-0.87,P>0.05).Under the threat of gender stereotype,cognitive achievements of the self-affirmation group were significantly higher than those of the non self-affirmation group(Male group:F=9.83,P<0.01;Female group:F=7.32,P<0.01).Conclusion①When college students are faced with the threat of gender stereotype,cognitive achievements have significantly decreased.②Self-affirmation has a defensive effect on the threat of gender stereotype.