近代警察抚恤制度的生成与演变

The Evolution of Modern Police Compensation System

近代警察抚恤制度的建立,既源于完善警察制度的外部因素,也源于警察职业高危性的内在需求。晚清时期,警察抚恤制度历经“从地方至中央”的演进过程,囿于时代局限,未能摆脱恩赏型抚恤思想。袁世凯执政后重视警政,首次创设警察终身、遗族抚恤,是一次饱含近代化意义的制度尝试。此后,南京国民政府先后三次对警察抚恤主体条令进行修改。其中,抗日战争时期将抚恤条例提升至法的高度。近代警察抚恤制度的演进促使抚恤形式从临时恩赏型到具有长期性保障的改变,促进抚恤法制化,取向更完善和专业。

The establishment of the modern police compensation system stems not only from the external elements of perfecting the police system,but also from the internal needs of the high risk of the police profession.In the late Qing dynasty,the police compensation system went through the evolution process of“from local to central”,which was limited by The Times and could not get rid of the traditional benevolence compensa⁃tion thought.After Yuan Shikai came to power,he attached great importance to the police administration,and stipulated for the first time the lifelong and bereaved compensation of the police,which was a system attempt full of modernization significance.Since then,the National government of Nanjing has revised the regulations on the subject of police compensation three times.Among them,during the Anti-Japanese War,it was promoted to the height of the law.The evolution of the modern police pension system causes the change of the pension form from the traditional gift type to the western obligation type,promotes the le⁃gal system of the pension,and the orientation is more perfect and professional.