《识字、写字教学基本字表》中形声字声符表音情况的分类探析

The Classification of Sound Symbol Phonetic Function of Picto-phonetic Characters in Basic Character Table for Literacy and Writing Teaching

形声是汉字最主要的结构类型,在《识字、写字教学基本字表》中,基于繁体字形认定的形声字共有123个。其中,形声字的声符在现代规范汉字中依然能起表音作用的有84例,而随着语音的演变和汉字形体的变化,声符已丧失表音作用的有39例。从历时的角度考察这些形声字形体由古到今的变化,并从共时的角度作归纳统计和系统分析,有助于深入认识汉字构形的基本规律,从而切实提升中小学语文教师和师范生的识字教学能力。

Picto-phonetic characters are the most important structural types of Chinese characters.There are 123 picto-phonetic characters based on traditional characters identified in Basic Character Table for Literacy and Writing Teaching.Among them,there are 84 cases in which phonetics still have the function of phonetic expression in modern standard Chinese characters.With the evolution of phonetics and the change of Chinese character shape,there are 39 cases in which phonetics have lost their phonetic function.From a diachronic perspective,examine the changes in the shape of these picto-phonetic characters,and conduct inductive statistics and systematic analysis from a synchronic perspective.It will help us to deeply understand the basic laws of Chinese character formation,and improve the literacy teaching ability of primary and secondary school Chinese teachers and normal university students.