新时期“四水”新态势及若干重大问题思考

Consideration of new situation and several major issues of“water resources,water ecology,water environment,water disaster”in the new era

人类活动与气候变化影响下,水灾害、水资源、水生态、水环境“四水”问题呈现新特点。围绕水资源演变态势与水资源需求、洪水蓄泄关系和防洪保安要求、生态水文过程和生态环境保护治理要求、水安全风险和安全保障要求等方面,深入分析了“四水”问题新形势新变化。研究提出了新时期“四水”问题应对总体策略:把水安全放在国土空间格局优化中谋划;科学制定“四水”系统治理策略;瞄准牵一发而动全身的重大水利工程谋划;突出水安全风险主动应对和防控能力提升。针对新时期治水若干重大问题进行了探讨:从以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定产、以水定绿角度,探讨如何建立适水经济社会与国土空间新格局;从供水安全标准、防洪排涝标准、水生态保护修复标准角度,探讨如何形成合理的水安全新标准体系;从水网联网组网、坚强韧性水网角度,探讨如何形成坚强韧性的新型水网体系;从水资源开发利用约束、人类水事行为规范、水需求与利用约束调控角度,探讨如何形成适应水情特点的新行为规范;从“四水”治理协同、措施和工程协同、跨部门政策协同、政府与市场协同角度,探讨如何形成良性可持续治理新模式。

Under the influence of human activities and climate change,new features are reflected regarding water resources,water ecology,water environment,and water disaster.An in-depth analysis of new situation and changes with these issues has been conducted regarding trend of evolution and demand for water resources,relationship between flood storage and discharge,requirements of flood control and security,eco-hydrological process and eco-environment protection and governance,water safety risks and security.The study proposes an overall strategy to address water issues in the new era:incorporating water security in the optimization of national spatial pattern,formulating governance strategies for systematic governance of water resources,water ecology,water environment and water disaster,focusing on major water conservancy projects that impact on overall situation,enhancing capabilities to proactively response,prevent and control risks.The discussions focus on following major issues related to water governance in the new era:How to establish a water-friendly economy,society,and new pattern for national land and space from the angle of making plans for cities,land,people,production and green land based on water.How to develop a new water security standard system from the angle of water supply safety,flood control and drainage,and water ecological protection and restoration.How to build a new type and resilient water network from the angle of connecting water networks and reinforce resilience.How to form new behavioral norms that adapt to water conditions from the angle of constraints on water development and utilization,human behavior and norm,and regulating water demand and utilization.How to create a new model for sustainable governance from the angle of coordinated water governance,measure and structure integration,departmental coordination for policy making and government-market synergy.