高原边防官兵口腔健康状况调查及危险因素分析

Oral health status and related risk factors among frontier military personnel in high altitude areas

目的:为高效防治我军高原地区官兵口腔疾病,本研究调查我国高原部队官兵口腔健康分布并分析其影响因素。方法:采用分层、整群抽样方法抽取849例高原官兵,设计驻高原官兵口腔健康调查表,依据WHO口腔健康调查标准,对军人口腔最常见的五种疾病进行横断面调查,并使用单因素及多因素二项回归模型拟合分析危险因素,描述其对各口腔疾病的影响,显著性统计学差异水平设定为P=0.05。结果:获得821例有效调查数据,龋病、牙龈出血、智齿冠周炎、唇炎及颈部肌压痛检出率分别为48.4%、45.4%、3.4%、42.3%及15.8%。不同疾病在不同年龄组官兵有显著区别。Logistic回归分析发现,不良的饮食习惯与患龋风险之间呈正相关(OR=2.3,95%CI=1.6~3.3);吸烟与牙龈出血检出率之间呈正相关(OR=2.4,95%CI=1.6~3.7);参加军事作业任务时口腔卫生习惯变差是罹患唇炎的危险因素(OR=1.7,95%CI=1.3~2.3);反合是颈部肌肉压痛的危险因素(OR=27.282,95%CI=1.790~415.858)。结论:虽然我国高原官兵口腔健康状况近年来已有好转,但与西方军队相比,仍有差距,须进一步发展基层部队口腔健康教育能力,高质量研发口腔预防保健品,才可以更好地提升官兵战斗力。

AIM:To effectively prevent and treat oral diseases among military personnel in plateau areas,this study investigated the oral health status of them and analyzed its influencing factors.METHODS:A stratified and cluster sampling were used to select 821 officers and soldiers to estimate the oral health status:According to the criteria recom-mended by WHO,a cross~sectional survey was conducted on the five most common oral diseases.Univariate and multivari-ate binomial regression models were used to analyze risk factors to describe their effects on oral diseases.The level of sig-nificant statistical difference was set at P=0.05.RESULTS:821 valid survey data were obtained.The prevalence rates of dental caries,gingival bleeding,pericoronitis of wisdom tooth,cheilitis and neck muscle tenderness were 48.4%,45.4%,3.4%,42.3%and 15.8%,respectively.There were significant differences in different diseases among different age groups.Logistic regression analysis found that poor dietary habits were positively correlated with the risk of dental caries(OR=2.3,95%CI=1.6~3.3);smoking was positively correlated with the detection rate of gingival bleeding(OR=2.4,95%CI=1.6~3.7);poor habits of oral hygiene during military assignments were a risk factor for cheilitis(OR=1.7,95%CI=1.3~2.3);cross bite was a risk factor for neck muscle tenderness(OR=27.282,95%CI=1.790~415.858).CONCLUSION:Al-though the oral health status of officers and soldiers in plateau areas has improved in recent years,there is stll a gap espe-cially compared with Western armies.Therefore,it is urgent to put forward scientific and effective measures to guarantee the oral health of them,thus improving the combat effectiveness of the stationed troops in the plateau region.