浙江省≥60岁老年人呼吸道疾病相关疫苗接种现状及相关因素分析

Analysis of the status and related factors of vaccination against respiratory diseases among elderly people aged≥60 in Zhejiang Province

了解浙江省≥60岁老年人呼吸道疾病相关疫苗的接种现状,并从服务对象和服务方两个层面分析老年人疫苗接种的相关因素。采用分层随机抽样方法,于2022年9月至2023年1月对浙江省30个乡镇/街道选择≥60岁老年人以及省、市、县/区、乡镇/街道4级免疫规划工作人员开展问卷调查,采用logistic回归模型分析浙江省老年人疫苗接种的相关因素。结果显示,浙江省≥60岁老年人流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗系统接种率分别为21.76%和4.57%。多因素分析结果显示,高龄(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.51~1.99)、知晓流感比普通感冒重(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.37~2.04)、听说过流感疫苗(OR=9.78,95%CI:7.03~13.59)是老年人接种流感疫苗的促进因素;高龄(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.43~2.06)、知晓老年人得肺炎后果严重(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.47~2.55)、知晓肺炎疫苗可以预防肺炎(OR=6.36,95%CI:4.84~8.36)是老年人接种肺炎疫苗的促进因素。浙江省免疫规划工作人员认为≥60岁老年人未接种流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗最主要因素是觉得自己不会得病(55.52%和56.35%)、觉得得病不会太严重(47.73%和37.46%)以及对疫苗效果和安全性不信任(38.31%和41.69%)。综上,浙江省≥60岁老年人流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗整体接种率不高,高龄、知晓患呼吸道疾病的严重性以及对呼吸道疾病疫苗的知晓情况是老年人接种流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗的相关因素。

The objective of this study is to assess the current status of vaccination against respiratory disease among the elderly aged≥60 and analyze the factors influencing vaccination rates at both service provider and recipient levels in Zhejiang Province.Using a stratified random sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 among elderly people aged≥60 in 30 townships/streets in Zhejiang Province,as well as immunization planning staff at the provincial,municipal,county/district,and township/street levels.Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors related to vaccination among elderly people in Zhejiang Province.Based on the Zhejiang Provincial Comprehensive Management Information System for Vaccine and Vaccination,the systematic coverage rates of influenza vaccine and pneumonia vaccine for the elderly were 21.76% and 4.57%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that advanced age(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.51-1.99),knowing that influenza is more severe than the common cold(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.37-2.04)and having heard of the influenza vaccine(OR=9.78,95%CI:7.03-13.59)were motivating factors for elderly to receive influenza vaccines.Advanced age(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.43-2.06),knowing the serious consequences of pneumonia in the elderly(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.47-2.55)and knowing that pneumonia vaccines can prevent pneumonia(OR=6.36,95%CI:4.84-8.36)were motivating factors for elderly to receive pneumonia vaccines.Zhejiang Immunization Program staff believed that the main reasons why the elderly aged≥60 would not be vaccinated against influenza or pneumonia were that they felt they would not get sick(55.52% and 56.35% respectively),it would not be serious if get sick(47.73% and 37.46%respectively),lacking trust in vaccine efficacy and safety(38.31% and 43.69% respectively).Vaccination rates for influenza and pneumonia vaccines among the elderly aged≥60 in Zhejiang Province are suboptimal.Advanced age,awareness of the severity of respiratory diseases and awareness of vaccines against such diseases are related factors for elderly individuals to receive influenza and pneumonia vaccines.