关于突发公共事件饮用水水质感官性状和一般化学指标适当放宽的探讨

Discussion on aesthetic and chemical characteristics of drinking water quality in emergencies

2023年4月1日正式实施的《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)中规定:当发生影响水质的突发公共事件时,经风险评估,感官性状和一般化学指标可暂时适当放宽。但在国标中并未明确给出具体的放宽期间和限值要求。本文基于人体在短期暴露时间内不至于引起急性毒性损害的原则,综合考虑饮用水可接受性(色度、嗅觉和味觉等)感官性状指标阈值,参WHO、美国、欧盟、日本、澳大利亚等国家和组织的水质卫生标准,探讨《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)中21项感官性状和一般化学指标应急供水期间的限值要求,为保障突发公共事件发生时的人群饮水安全和供水需求提供科学依据。

The Standards for drinking water quality(GB 5749-2022),which has taken effect on April 1,2023,stipulates that limit values of aesthetic and chemical characteristics of drinking water can be temporarily adjusted in emergencies.However,the national standard does not clearly specify the adjusted period and limit values.This study is based on the principle that the human body will not cause acute toxic damage during short-term exposure,considering the acceptability such as chromaticity,smell,and taste in drinking water,referring to the drinking water quality standards of different countries and regions including the World Health Organization,the United States,the European Union,Japan,Australia,etc.We discussed the limited values during emergencies for 21 aesthetic and chemical characteristics from GB 5749-2022 to guaranine the drinking water safety and human health in emergencies.