2020-2022年我院哮喘患者过敏原检测结果纵向分析

Longitudinally analyze the allergen test results of asthma patients in our hospital from 2020 to 2022

目的通过纵向分析哮喘患者过敏原检测结果的年度变化趋势,为预防和诊断过敏性哮喘提供依据.方法纳入2020年1月-2022年12月期间,至天津市胸科医院呼吸科门诊就诊及住院的哮喘患者共1502例,采用过敏原特异性抗体检测试剂盒检测过敏原.结果所有患者中总IgE阳性率呈现逐年上升趋势(P<0.05),特异性IgE及多价特异性IgE(过敏原种类1或者≥2)阳性率均未观察到年度变化趋势(P>0.05).吸入性过敏原中花粉类致敏物阳性率逐年下降,猫、狗皮毛屑阳性率呈显著逐年上升趋势(P<0.05);食入性过敏原阳性率逐年上升,其中芒果/菠萝/苹果/桃子/草莓、花生/开心果/腰果/榛子阳性率与其趋势相同,牛羊肉呈现出与其相反的下降趋势(P<0.05).除此之外,其余7种过敏原未呈现出逐年变化趋势(P>0.05).结论哮喘患者总IgE和特异性IgE阳性检出率较高,且不同类型过敏原表现出了不同的年度变化规律.

Objective To longitudinally analyze the annual trend of allergen test results in patients with asthma,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and diagnosis of allergic asthma.Methods From January 2020 to December 2022,a total of 1502 asthmatic patients visited Tianjin Chest Hospital for outpatient and inpatient treatment.Allergens were detected using an allergen-specific antibody detection kit.Results The total IgE positive rate among all patients showed an increasing trend year by year(P<0.05).The positive rates of specific IgE and polyvalent specific IgE(allergen type 1 or≥2)did not show an annual change trend(P>0.05).The positive rate of pollen allergens decreased year by year,while the positive rate of cat and dog fur allergens showed an increasing trend(P<0.05).The positive rate of food allergens increased year by year,and the positive rate of mango/pineapple/apple/peach/strawberry,peanut/pistachio/cashew/hazelnut had the same trend.However,beef and mutton of food allergens showed an opposite downward trend(P<0.05).In addition,the other 7 allergens did not show a change trend from year to year(P>0.05).Conclusion The positive rates of tIgE and sIgE in asthmatic patients are high,and different types of allergens show a certain annual change pattern.