院前急性中毒患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of patients with pre-hospital acute poisoning

目的分析院前急性中毒患者流行病学规律及其特点,为院前急性中毒患者诊治转运工作提供依据。方法收集2019年1月—2021年12月天津市急救中心院前急性中毒患者的基本情况,分析其中毒特点。结果共收集中毒患者7064例,中毒高发中位年龄为37(27,51)岁,男女性别比为1.93:1。中毒病例数前3位分别为急性乙醇中毒4724例、占比66.87%,药物中毒1703例、占比24.11%,一氧化碳中毒293例、占比4.15%。冬季中毒人数最多,春季最少;每日20:00—24:00中毒患者最多,4:00—8:00最少;中毒人数公共场所最多,其次为家庭,工作地点最少。中毒途径以消化道为主,共6629例、占比93.84%。结论院前急性中毒患者以急性乙醇中毒最为常见,药物中毒和一氧化碳中毒亦占有一定比例,这3类中毒以中青年为主,冬季多见,中毒途径以消化道为主,呼救地点以公共场所和家庭为主。医疗机构应加强中毒的诊治培训,并在冬季来临前做好各类中毒高峰救治准备,从而有效控制急性中毒的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological rules and characteristics of pre-hospital acute poisoning patients,and to provide a basis for the diagnosis,treatment and transfer work of pre-hospital acute poisoning patients.Methods The basic information of acute poisoning patients in Tianjin Emergency Center from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected,the poisoning characteristics was analyzed.Results A total of 7064 patients with poisoning were collected,the high incidence median age of poisoning was 37(27,51)years old,and the sex ratio of men and women was 1.93:1.The top three cases of poisoning were 4724 cases of acute ethanol poisoning,accounting for 66.87%,1703 cases of drug poisoning,accounting for 24.11%,293 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning,accounting for 4.15%.The nubmer of poisoning people was most in winter,least in spring;the most number of poisoning cases was from 20:00 to 24:00,least was from 4:00 to 8:00;the number of poisoning people was most in public places,followed by families and least in working places.The poisoning route was mainly in the digestive tract,with a total of 6629 cases,accounting for 93.84%.Conclusion The acute ethanol poisoning was the most common,and drug poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning occupied a certain proportion of prehospital emergency poisoning in Tianjin Emergency Center.Most poisoning people were young and middleaged,most in winter,the main route of poisoning was through the digestive tract,and the main locations for emergency calls were public places and households.So medical institutions should strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning training,and prepared for various peak poisoning treatment before the arrival of winter,in order to effectively control the occurrence of acute poisoning.