中国国家安全学理论体系建构:逻辑起点、核心概念与基本范畴

Towards a Theoretical System of National Security Studies in China:Logical Starting Point,Core Concept and Basic Categories

推进中国国家安全学学科建设,需要从学科体系和理论体系两个层面进行,理论体系建设是学科建设的基础和动力,是中国国家安全学学科建设的当务之急。国内学术界关于国家安全学理论体系建设的观点可以分为逻辑起点论和核心概念论两大类,两种观点对国家安全学理论体系建设都提出了独到见解,当然也存在不足。本文在评析这两种观点基础上,提出逻辑起点、核心概念和基本范畴构成国家安全学理论体系的“硬核”。构建国家安全学理论体系需要从逻辑起点、核心概念到基本范畴进行演绎推理,核心概念的界定依据逻辑起点,基本范畴的内涵是核心概念内涵的延伸,这是一个从抽象到具体的过程。本文认为“国家生存”是国家安全学理论体系的逻辑起点,在确定逻辑起点基础上,对国家安全学理论体系的核心概念“国家安全”进行界定,明确了“国家安全”的内涵与外延。范畴是概念群,国家安全学理论体系的基本范畴可以分为本体论范畴、主体论范畴、客体论范畴、观念论范畴、实践论范畴和价值论范畴。这些范畴或者概念群与逻辑起点、核心概念共同构成中国国家安全学理论体系框架。

The construction of the national security studies discipline consists of the construction of a disciplinary system and that of a theoretical system.The latter,which is the foundation of the discipline,is in urgent need today.There are two schools of thought on how to build up the theoretical system:one starts from logical starting points and the other from core concepts.These two views offer unique insights into what it takes to build up the theoretical system although each also has its own shortcomings.Drawing on these views,this paper proposes a tripartite theoretical hardcore consisting of logical starting points,core concepts and basic categories.The theoretical enterprise is an inductive process where the definition of the core concept depends on logical starting points and the basic categories are an extension of the intension of core concepts.After identifying“national survival”as the logical starting point,this paper goes on to define the core concept of“national security”by clarifying its intension and extension.And since categories are conceptual clusters,the basic categories in national security studies should consist of categories concerning the following aspects:ontology,subjects,objects,idealism,praxeology,and axiology.These categories or conceptual clusters,together with the logical starting point and the core concept,constitute the theoretical framework for the discipline of national security studies.