社会保障水平对城乡居民收入差距的影响——基于空间计量模型的分析

The impact of social security level on the income gap between urban and rural residents--Analysis based on spatial econometric model

本文旨在探讨社会保障水平对城乡居民收入差距的影响,并基于空间计量模型进行实证分析。文章首先通过文献综述,分析了社会保障与收入差距的理论联系。随后,采用2010-2020年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型(SDM)进行实证检验。研究发现,社会保障支出的增加在短期内可能会增加收入差距,但长期来看,通过教育和医疗支出的增加,有助于减少收入差距。地区经济发展水平和社会保障政策对收入差距的影响存在显著差异。经济发达地区需要优化社会保障支出的分配方式,而经济相对滞后的地区则需要加大社会保障、教育和医疗支出的投入。最后,文章提出加强社会保障体系建设和优化收入分配政策的建议,并对未来研究方向进行展望。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of social security level on the income gap between urban and rural residents,and to conduct an empirical analysis based on a spatial econometric model.This paper first analyzes the theoretical relationship between social security and income inequality through a literature review.Subsequently,the panel data of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)in China from 2010 to 2020 were used to conduct an empirical test.The study found that an increase in social security spending may increase income inequality in the short term,but in the long run,through an increase in spending on education and health care,it can help reduce income inequality.There are significant differences in the impact of regional economic development and social security policies on income disparity.Economically developed regions need to optimize the distribution of social security expenditures,while economically lagging regions need to increase investment in social security,education,and medical care.Finally,this paper puts forward suggestions for strengthening the construction of social security system and optimizing income distribution policies,and looks forward to future research directions.