文本世界的构成及其解释性的自我占有——论利科的文本诠释学

The Constitution of the World of Text and Its Interpretive Self-Appropriation:on Ricoeur's Hermeneutics of Text

19世纪作者定向的浪漫主义诠释学和20世纪解释定向的本体论诠释学关注意义和真理而不重视文本分析,20世纪的文本理论重视文本分析而拒绝意义阐释,保罗·利科认为以往的解释理论倾向构成了诠释学的“僵局”。利科批判性地综合诠释学与文本理论的洞见,认为文本的自律性与文本的指称性有机构成了文本的世界,提出走向一种文本的诠释学,这是利科诠释学重新定向的重要贡献。但利科提出的返回文本世界并对文本意义进行重构的观点,实际上未能充分探讨他所谓的诠释学自我占有的重新语境化的复杂性,限制了解释主体的能动性和创造性,从而封闭了文本诠释学应有的更大更丰富的可能性空间。利科文本诠释学对于今天中国文学诠释学的研究具有借鉴意义,其存在的问题也需要我们做出学理性的探讨。

The author-oriented romantic hermeneutics of the 19th century and the interpretation-oriented ontological hermeneutics of the 20th century focused on meaning and truth rather than text analysis.The text theory of the 20th century emphasized text analysis but rejected the interpretation of meaning.Paul Ricoeur argued that the previous tendency of interpretative theory constituted an"impasse"in hermeneutics.Ricoeur critically integrated the insights of hermeneutics and text theory,believing that the autonomy of text and the referentiality of text organically constituted the world of text,and proposing to move towards a hermeneutics of text,which was an important contribution of Ricoeur's hermeneutic re-orientation.However,Ricoeur's view of returning to the world of text and reconstructing the meaning of the text failed to fully explore the complexity of the recontextualization of hermeneutic self-appropriation,limiting the initiative and creativity of the interpretive subject,thus closing the larger and richer possibility space that the hermeneutics of text should have.Ricoeur's hermeneutics of text is of great significance for the study of hermeneutics of Chinese literature today,and the problems of his hermeneutics also deserve rational discussions.