人类世、气候小说与批判的敌托邦

Anthropocene,Climate Fiction and Critical Dystopia

人类世概念提出的积极意义在于向人们阐明气候变化已经成为逼近眼前的现实。气候小说作为对人类世时代气候变化事件的文学回应,正在逐渐成长为一种独立的文学类型。敌托邦是作家进行气候小说创作的常用模式。许多描写气候变化的敌托邦作品验证了汤姆·莫伊兰对“批判的敌托邦”的理解,为当代气候小说构建了重要的理想类型学框架。保罗·巴奇加卢皮的气候小说体现了“批判的敌托邦”的典型特征。“批判的敌托邦”通过营构敌托邦未来世界,生动展示了气候危机对人类生产与生活方式的改变,加剧了资本和权力对下层人民的操控,进而引发了更为严峻的生态、社会和经济问题。同时,它采用了开放的形式策略,激发多元的对立抵抗,引导读者思考在一个已经变化了的世界中乌托邦希望的可能性。

The positive significance of the Anthropocene concept exists in clarifying that climate change has become an imminent reality.As a literary response to the events of climate change in the Anthropocene era,climate fiction is gradually growing into an independent genre.Dystopia is a common mode for writers to create climate fiction.Many dystopian novels describing climate change have validated Tom Moylan's understanding of the"critical dystopia"and constructed an important ideal typological framework for contemporary climate fiction.Paolo Bacigalupi's climate novels embody the typical characteristics of"critical dystopia".By constructing a dystopian future world,the“critical dystopia”shows how the climate crisis changes human production and lifestyle,exacerbating the manipulation of capital and power over the lower class,and giving rise to more serious ecological,social and economic problems.At the same time,the"critical dystopia"adopts an open narrative strategy,which stimulates pluralistic opposition and leads readers to think about the possibility of utopia in a changed world.