“双碳”目标下我国燃煤发电转型升级发展路径

Development Pathways for the Transformation and Upgrading of China’s Coal-fired Power Generation Under the Goals of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality

统筹推进我国燃煤发电(简称“煤电”)转型升级,推动煤电功能定位转变,是实现“双碳”目标和加快构建新型电力系统的重要任务。针对我国燃煤发电转型升级的迫切需求,该文分析当前我国煤电的装机规模及其特点,评估了煤电的能耗、灵活性和碳排放3方面的发展水平,解析我国煤电未来发展方向,重点探讨了煤电热力系统重构、煤电与储能融合、煤电与其他能源及碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)的互补集成、“安全、高效、清洁、低碳、灵活”多目标协同4个方面的发展路径,提出新一代煤电高质量发展的基本思路。面向新形势下“安全、高效、清洁、低碳、灵活”的发展目标,未来我国煤电机组需要开展热力系统深度重构,通过热力系统的大范围重新设计、优化或改造,提高机组效率和灵活性、降低能耗和碳排放;可以将储热、飞轮、压缩空气等储能与煤电系统有机融合,突破煤电机组自身调节潜力约束,拓宽煤电机组的调节区间,提升机组变负荷能力和效率;充分利用煤电机组内丰富的物质流和能量流,可将煤电与其他能源或系统在多个环节匹配耦合,实现整体的多能互补能量梯级利用,提升总体能效与低碳水平;应重点从设计和运行两个维度实现多目标协同,在设计阶段注重高效清洁技术的集成与智能化、自动化,在运行过程中采用智能化、精细化控制策略。该文旨在增强煤电战略价值认知,为我国煤电转型升级提供理论参考和路径建议,助力新一代煤电在推进“双碳”进程和构建新型电力系统中发挥更广泛、更积极作用。

Coordinately enhancing the transformation and upgrading of coal-fired power generation in China,and promoting the transition of its functional positioning,is a crucial task for achieving the"carbon peak and carbon neutrality"goals and accelerating the development of the new power system.The installed capacity and characteristics of coal-fired power generation in China are analyzed in this paper.The current development level of coal-fired power generation is assessed from the perspectives of energy consumption,flexibility,and carbon emission.The future directions of coal-fired power generation are explored.The key points are the prospective development pathways for coal-fired power generation in China,illustrated in four aspects:the reconfiguration of thermal systems for coal-fired power generation,the integration of coal-fired power generation with energy storage,the complementary integration of coal-fired power generation with other energy sources and carbon capture,utilization and storage,and the multi-objective coordination of"safety,efficiency,cleanliness,low-carbon,and flexibility".The basic approaches for the high-quality development of the next-generation coal-fired power generation are proposed.Towards the development goals of"safe,efficient,clean,low-carbon and flexible"under the new situation,deep reconstruction is necessary for the thermal systems of China’s coal-fired power units in the future.Via the extensive re-design,optimization,or modification of thermal systems,the efficiency and flexibility of coal-fired power generation can be promoted,and its energy consumption and carbon emissions can decline.Energy storage(for instance,thermal energy storage,flywheel energy storage,and compressed air energy storage)can be integrated with coalfired power units,breaking the regulation potential constraints of coal-fired power units and extend their adjustment intervals,and thus improving their load-variation capacities and overall efficiencies.Plenty of material and energy flows are contained in a coal-fired power unit,which can be integrated with other energy sources or systems in multiple sections,achieving the overall multi-energy complementary energy cascade utilization and raising the whole energy efficiency and low-carbon levels.For the collaboration of various goals,effors can be made from the two perspectives of design and operation.In the design stage,the integration,intelligence,and automation of efficient and clean technologies are imperative.During operation,intelligent and precise control strategies are supposed to be employed.The purpose of this paper is to promote the perception in the strategic value of coal-fired power generation and provide theoretical guidance and route suggestions for its transformation and upgrading in China.The present work can facilitate the broader and more active functioning of the next-generation coal-fired power generation in accomplishing the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goals and constructing the new power system.