非洲猪瘟病毒的感染与排毒研究进展

Advances in Infection and Shedding of African Swine Fever Virus

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引起的急性、热性传染病,发病快,病死率高。目前并无安全有效的商业化疫苗和抗病毒药物,只能对感染动物进行扑杀,要减少经济损失,必然要求尽早扑灭疫情,掌握感染宿主的传播途径、临床症状与带毒排毒规律有助于疫情早发现。ASFV的感染途径多样,主要包括直接接触、间接接触以及通过钝缘软蜱等传播。临床中ASF表现为急性、亚急性、慢性症状,不同临床症状表现导致排毒时间、带毒持续时间及病毒载量的差异。研究病毒传播途径、临床症状与所感染毒株毒力关系,不同宿主感染性差异有助于全面认识ASF,有助于ASF防控。本文主要针对ASF的感染途径、不同毒株感染后的临床表现以及带毒排毒规律等方面进行综述,对病毒早期的诊断、监测具有参考意义。

African swine fever is an acute,febrile infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus,which occurs quickly and has a high mortality rate.Currently,there is no safe,effective commercial vaccine and antiviral drugs,can only cull infected animals.To reduce economic losses,it is necessary to control the epidemic as soon as possible,mastering the transmission route of the infected host,clinical symptoms and detoxification with the virus detoxification pattern can help early detection of the epidemic,ASFV infection route is diverse,mainly including direct contact,indirect contact and through the Ornithodoros and other transmission.ASF manifests itself as acute,subacute and chronic symptoms in the clinic,and different clinical symptoms lead to differences in the time of shedding,virulence duration and viral load.Studying the relationship between the route of virus transmission,clinical signs and virulence of infected strains,and differences in the infectiousness of different hosts can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of ASF and to the prevention and control of ASF.Wild pigs are more susceptible to ASFV infection than domestic pigs.In this paper,the infection routes of ASF,the clinical manifestations of different strains of ASF and the rule of virus-carrying and detoxication are reviewed,which is of great significance to the early diagnosis and monitoring of ASF.