烤烟上部烟叶带茎采收适宜留叶数研究

Study on Suitable Left Leaves Number of Harvesting Upper Tobacco Leaves with Stems

为提高上部烟可用性,探明上部烟适宜采烤方式和留叶数,以‘云烟87’为试材,研究上部烟带茎与逐叶2种采收方式留叶3片(BJ3、BZ3)、4片(BJ4、BZ4)、5片(BJ5、BZ5)、6片(BJ6、BZ6)对烤后烟经济性状和烟叶质量的影响。研究表明,带茎采收烤后烟上等烟比例、均价、外观质量、主要化学成分协调性和感官质量总体好于逐叶采收。上等烟比例、均价上部烟带茎采收以BJ4最高,BJ5次之,且达到显著差异;逐叶采收以BZ4最高,BZ5次之,且BJ4比BZ4分别提高了9.11个百分点和0.80元/kg,BJ5比BZ5分别提高了5.10个百分点和0.14元/kg。外观质量总分带茎采收BJ5最高,BJ4次之;逐叶采收BZ5最高。主要化学成分还原糖、总糖含量和糖碱比带茎采收BJ4较适宜,BJ5次之,逐叶采收BZ5较适宜;感官评吸质量总分带茎采收BJ5最高(76.40分),逐叶采收BZ5最高(74.90分)。上部烟4~5片带茎采收的烟叶等级结构和内在质量优于逐叶采收。

To improve the usability of upper tobacco leaves,it is necessary to explore the suitable roasting method and number of left leaves of upper tobacco.Using‘Yunyan 87’as the test material,the effects of two harvesting methods,namely upper tobacco with stem and leaf by leaf harvesting,with 3 leaves(BJ3,BZ3),4 leaves(BJ4,BZ4),5 leaves(BJ5,BZ5),and 6 leaves(BJ6,BZ6),on the economic characteristics and leaf quality of cured tobacco were studied.Research showed that the proportion,average price,appearance quality,coordination of main chemical components,and sensory quality of cured tobacco harvested with stems were generally better than those harvested leaf by leaf.The proportion and average price of top grade tobacco were highest in BJ4,followed by BJ5,and a significant difference was observed in the harvesting of upper tobacco with stems;those of BZ4 was the highest in leaf by leaf harvesting,followed by BZ5,and BJ4 increased by 9.11 percentage points and 0.80 yuan/kg respectively compared with BZ4,BJ5 increased by 5.10 percentage points and 0.14 yuan/kg respectively compared with BZ5.The total score of appearance quality was highest in BJ5,followed by BJ4.BZ5 was the highest in leaf by leaf harvesting.The main chemical components included reducing sugars,total sugar content,and sugar to alkali ratio,which were more suitable for BJ4 in harvesting with stems,followed by BJ5,and BZ5 were more suitable for harvesting leaf by leaf.The total score of sensory evaluation for smoking quality of BJ5 in harvesting with stems was the highest,which was 76.40 points,and those of BZ5 in leaf by leaf harvesting was the highest,which was 74.90 points.The grade structure and intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves harvested with stems from 4-5 upper tobacco leaves are better than those harvested leaf by leaf.