四川盆地设施避雨栽培对线椒生长、激素和产量的影响

Effects of Rain Shelter Cultivation on Growth,Hormones and Yield of Line Pepper in Sichuan Basin

探讨四川盆地设施避雨栽培对线椒生长、激素和产量的影响,明确影响机制。以线椒‘川椒20’为试验材料,设置设施避雨处理和露地对照,测定2个处理中线椒株高、顶端组织激素含量,并对其进行转录组测序和有关基因的qRT-PCR验证。结果表明,设施避雨栽培后线椒株高前期无显著差异,中后期避雨栽培株高分别是露地栽培的1.13、1.5倍;设施避雨栽培单株产量为露地栽培单株产量的74.9%;避雨栽培后赤霉素含量是露地栽培的1.29倍,茉莉酸含量是露地栽培的63.3%。GO分析发现,2个处理生物功能主要在胁迫反应和防御反应方面显著富集,分子功能方面,在腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸结合、腺苷酸结合、二磷酸腺苷结合显著富集。KEGG通路分析发现,相对于避雨栽培,露地栽培线椒在二萜生物合成代谢途径中,CaGA2ox1.1(Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 1,T_(4)59_20483)、CaGA2ox1.2(Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 1,T_(4)59_24753)、CaGA2ox8(Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 8,T_(4)59_05864)、CaGRP3(Gibberellin-regulated protein 3,T_(4)59_06266)4个与赤霉素降解有关的基因下调表达。四川盆地设施避雨栽培后,线椒顶端组织赤霉素降解基因表达量降低,赤霉素含量增高,造成线椒徒长,最终导致设施避雨栽培后的线椒产量低于露地栽培。

To investigate the effects of sheltered rain-avoiding cultivation on the growth,hormones,and yield of chili pepper‘Sichuan 20’in the Sichuan basin,and clarify the influencing mechanism,we set up sheltered rain-avoiding cultivation treatment and field control treatment,measured the height of chili pepper plants and the content of endogenous hormones in the apical tissues of chili pepper plants in the two treatments,and conducted transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR validation of related genes.The results showed that there was no significant difference in chili pepper plant height in the early period of sheltered rain-avoiding cultivation,and the plant height in the middle and late periods of sheltered rain-avoiding cultivation was 1.13 and 1.5 times that of the field control treatment,respectively.The yield per plant in the sheltered rain-avoiding cultivation treatment was 74.9%of that in the field control treatment.After sheltered rain-avoiding cultivation,the content of gibberellin was 1.29 times that of the field control treatment,and the content of jasmonic acid was 63.3%of that of the field control treatment.GO analysis showed that the two treatments were significantly enriched in biological functions related to stress response and defense response and were significantly enriched in molecular functions related to adenosine nucleotide binding,adenosine diphosphate binding,and guanosine diphosphate binding.KEGG pathway analysis showed that compared with the sheltered rain-avoiding cultivation treatment,the field control treatment of chili pepper in the sesquiterpene biosynthesis metabolic pathway had four genes related to gibberellin degradation,CaGA2ox1.1(Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 1,T_(4)59_20483),CaGA2ox1.2(Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 1,T_(4)59_24753),CaGA2ox8(Gibberellin 2-betadioxygenase 8,T_(4)59_05864),CaGRP3(Gibberellin-regulated protein 3,T_(4)59_06266).After the installation of facilities for rain protection cultivation in the Sichuan basin,the expression level of the gene for degradation of gibberellin at the top of the chili pepper decreased,while the content of gibberellin increased,causing the excessive growth of chili pepper,ultimately leading to a lower yield of chili pepper in the facilities for rain protection cultivation than in the field cultivation.