大豆玉米复合种植播期、密度和施肥量对大豆农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date,Density and Fertilizer Levels on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Soybean in Soybean and Maize Composite Planting

为筛选大豆玉米复合种植大豆最佳的栽培措施,采用三因素三水平正交试验,研究大豆播期、密度和施肥量对主要性状和产量的影响。结果表明,选择鲜食玉米与大豆复合种植,玉米收获后大豆复光期长;提高株高、主茎节数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数、百粒重、单株粒重对大豆产量有促进作用,且单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重对产量有决定性作用。分析结果表明,播种期为4月30日—5月10日,密度为21万~24万株/hm^(2),施肥量为300~375 kg/hm^(2)的最佳栽培技术,可优化复合群体配置获得较高的产量。

To screen the best cultivation measures for soybean-maize intercropping,the effects of sowing date,density and fertilizer application rate on main traits and yield of soybean were studied by three-factor and three-level orthogonal test.The results showed that choosing fresh corn and soybean compound planting enabled soybeans to have a long photoperiod after corn harvest;increasing plant height,number of nodes in the main stem,number of effective pods per plant,number of grains per plant,100-grain weight,and grain weight per plant had a facilitating effect on soybean yield,while the number of grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and hundred-grain weight had a decisive effect on the yield.Condensation analysis showed that cultivation with sowing period from April 30 to May 10,density of 210000-240000 plants/hm^(2),and fertilizer application rate of 300-375 kg/hm^(2) could obtain higher yield.