施氮部位对花生生长、氮素积累和产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Position on Growth,Nitrogen Accumulation and Yield of Peanut

本研究旨在探索结荚层和根系层施氮对花生生长、氮素积累和产量的影响。通过模拟大田试验,在花针期采用相同氮素施用条件下,比较了不同施肥方式的效果。结果表明,在结荚期,结荚层施肥比对照处理的株高和第一对侧枝长显著提高12%和9%以上;与对照相比,结荚层和根系层施肥均可以提高花生总果针数,其中2022年结荚层比根系层处理的总果针数重显著提高了5.97%;在饱果成熟期,结荚层施肥比对照处理的株高显著提高10%以上;与对照相比,结荚层和根系层施肥均可以提高花生第一对侧枝长和总果针数;结荚层和根系层施肥处理的根、茎、叶、果针、荚果等干物质积累量和氮素积累量均比对照处理显著提高;与对照组相比,结荚层施肥处理单株果重、单株果数、饱果数、百果重比对照组普遍提高20%以上;结荚层施肥植株单株果重和单株果数均显著高于根系层施肥15%以上。综上,本研究证明,在结荚层追施氮肥有利于花生生长、氮素积累和提高花生产量。

This study,through simulation of field experiment,investigated the effects of nitrogen application in podding layer and root zone on peanut growth,nitrogen accumulation,and grain yield by applying nitrogen at the flower bud stage under the same nitrogen input conditions.The results showed that the application of fertilizer at the podding layer significantly increased the plant height and the length of the first pair of lateral branches by more than 12%and 9%compared with the control treatment,during the podding stage.Compared with the control,fertilization in both podding layer and root zone increased the total number of peanut needles,with the podding layer treatment showing a significant increase of 5.97%in total peanut needles compared to the root zone treatment in 2022.In the pod maturity stage,the plant height with podding layer fertilization was significantly increased by more than 10%compared to the control.Compared with the control,both podding layer and root zone fertilization improved the length of the first pair of lateral branches and the total number of peanut needles.The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in roots,stems,leaves,fruiting needles and pods in the podding layer and root zone fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those in control treatment.Compared with the control group,the single pod weight,the number of pods per plant,the number of mature pods and the pod weight per hundred in the podding layer fertilization treatment were generally increased by more than 20%.The single pod weight and the number of pods per plant in the podding layer fertilization were significantly higher by more than 15%compared to the root zone fertilization.In conclusion,this study proved that applying nitrogen fertilizer at the podding layer was beneficial to the growth,nitrogen accumulation and yield improvement of peanuts.