长吻鮠池塘大棚越冬养殖试验

Overwintering Culture Experiment of Leiocassis longirostris in Greenhouse Ponds

本研究旨在探讨长吻鮠在温室大棚条件下的越冬养殖技术,并分析其生长性能。分别于2021—2022年和2022—2023年度开展长吻鮠当年鱼种和1+龄鱼种的越冬养殖试验。长吻鮠当年鱼种放养规格为14.78 cm、40.83 g,放养密度为83340尾/hm^(2)(3402.60 kg/hm^(2));长吻鮠1+龄鱼种放养规格为21.99 cm、156.86 g,放养密度为42525尾/hm^(2)(6670.20 kg/hm^(2)),试验研究了长吻鮠越冬养殖模式下的摄食与生长情况。结果显示:2个越冬季池塘搭建了保温大棚,水温分别保持在11℃和10℃以上;在越冬养殖前中期(12月至次年2月底),长吻鮠鱼种摄食相对稳定,3月份后,随着水温上升,日投饲量快速上升,越冬期间的累计投饲量分别为4009.00、4715.00 kg/hm^(2);经过150~152 d的越冬养殖,长吻鮠当年鱼种和1+龄鱼种的增长率分别为23.7%和10.2%、增重率为131.8%和51.7%、体长特定生长率为0.140%/d和0.065%/d、体质量特定生长率为0.553%/d和0.278%/d、日均增长率为0.023 cm/d和0.015 cm/d、日均增重率为0.354 g/d和0.541 g/d;收获时长吻鮠当年鱼种和1+龄鱼种的肥满度分别为1.52和1.62,养殖成活率为92.8%和99.7%,单位面积产量为7317.00 kg/hm^(2)和10093.65 kg/hm^(2),饲料系数为1.02和1.38。结果表明,搭建保温大棚可使越冬池塘水温保持在10℃以上,可保持长吻鮠连续摄食,实现了长吻鮠越冬生长和育肥的目的,获得较理想的越冬养殖效果。本研究为长三角地区长吻鮠的设施养殖提供了技术支持和理论依据。

To provide a feasible technical scheme for the overwintering Leiocassis longirostris culture in the Yangtze River Delta,the feeding and growth of the Leiocassis longirostris under the overwintering culture mode were studied.The overwintering rearing technology and the growth characteristics of 0+age young fish and 1+age fish Leiocassis longirostris under greenhouse pond condition in 2021—2022 and 2022—2023 were explored and investigated in this study.The initial body length and mass of 0+age young fish Leiocassis longirostris were 14.78 cm and 40.83 g,with the stocking density of 83340 tails/hm^(2)(3402.60 kg/hm^(2)).The initial body length and mass of 1+age fish Leiocassis longirostris were 21.99 cm and 156.86 g,with the stocking density of 42525 tails/hm^(2)(6670.20 kg/hm^(2)).The results showed that the water temperature could be kept above 11℃and 10℃under the greenhouse pond condition.During the pre-winter breeding period(December to the end of February),the feeding of Leiocassis longirostris was relatively stable.Since March,with the increase of water temperature,the daily feeding amount rapidly increased.The cumulative feeding amount during the overwintering period was 4009.00 kg/hm^(2) and 4715.00 kg/hm^(2),respectively.After 150-152 d of rearing,the growth rate of 0+age young fish and 1+age fish Leiocassis longirostris were 23.7%and 10.2%,weight gain rates were 131.8%and 51.7%,specific growth rates for body length were 0.140%/d and 0.065%/d,specific growth rates for body mass were 0.553%/d and 0.278%/d,daily growth rates were 0.023 cm/d and 0.015 cm/d,and daily mass gain rates were 0.354 g/d and 0.541 g/d,respectively.The condition factors of 0+age young fish and 1+age fish Leiocassis longirostris at harvest time were 1.52 and 1.62,the survival rates were 92.8%and 99.7%,the yield per unit area was 7317.00 kg/hm^(2) and 10093.65 kg/hm^(2),and feed coefficients were 1.02 and 1.38,respectively.In conclusion,the water temperature can be kept above 10℃under greenhouse pond condition,Leiocassis longirostris may maintain continuous feeding and exhibit good growth performance.This study provides technical support and theoretical basis for the facility culture of Leiocassis longirostris in the Yangtze River Delta region.