《管子》四篇道论的特色——与《老子》道论相比较

The Characteristics of the Four Taoist Theories in Guanzi:Compared with the Taoist Theory in Laozi

《管子》四篇是稷下黄老学者的作品,其思想的形成深受《老子》道论影响;然而由于政治实践性格的不同,其道论具有人间化倾向,“道”既是万物存在的根据,更是治国理政所依据的人文根基;圣人治国必先体道,《管子》四篇将道精气化,把握精气富有创生性的特点,结合天地人一体观,透过天道明晰人事,将体道进一步落实于治心的工夫;使因“忧乐喜怒欲利”而不完整的心再度因精气的留存而复归于“全心”,最后达到与道相合的状态。而其道论的特色,正体现在从道出发逐渐回归于道的过程中。

The four chapters of Guanzi are the works of Huanglao scholar from Jixia,and their ideological formation is deeply influenced by the Taoist theory in Laozi;However,due to the different personalities of political practice,their Taoist theory has a tendency towards humanization.Tao is not only the basis for the existence of all things,but also the humanistic foundation for governing the country;To govern a country,a sage must first embody the Tao.The four chapters of Guanzi transform the essence of the Tao,grasp the creative characteristics of the essence,and combine it with the concept of the unity of heaven,earth,and humanity.Through the Heavenly Tao,personnel are clarified,and the Tao is further implemented in the process of governing the mind;To restore the incomplete heart caused by worries,joys,anger,and desires for profit to the“whole heart”again due to the retention of essence,and finally reach a state of harmony with the Tao.The characteristic of his Tao theory is that the orthodox body gradually returns to the process of Tao starting from Tao.