刑事专家辅助人诉讼角色的适应性转变——以专门性问题报告的证据化为视角

The Adaptive Transformation of the Role of Criminal Expert Assistants in Litigation:From the Perspective of Evidentialisation of Specialised Problem Reports

刑事专家辅助人与专门性问题报告人同人同理不同证明作用的矛盾,因专门性问题报告的证据化而凸显,但专家辅助人理论研究的深厚积淀、专家意见证据体系的扩大以及专家意见可靠性的提高,为刑事专家辅助人向专家证人的适应性转变提供了良好契机,通过对英美法系专家证人以及我国实践中专家辅助人发挥专家证人角色作用的现象进行反思发现,刑事专家辅助人向专家证人的适应性转变具有一定的现实基础,但应警惕专家证人作证的利益倾向性。在转变路径上,应将专家证人角色及其意见法定化,合理扩张和规制专家证人的质证范围,适用独立的质证规则,并通过责任追究制度预防专家证人的重大错误。

The contradiction between the role of criminal expert assistants and specialized problem reporters in providing evidence is highlighted by the evidentiary nature of specialized problem reports.However,the profound accumulation of theoretical research on expert assistants,the expansion of expert opinion evidence system,and the enhanced reliability guarantee of expert proof science provide a good opportunity for the adaptability transformation of criminal expert assistants to expert witnesses.Through reflection on the phenomenon of expert witnesses in the Anglo American legal system and the role of expert assistants in China's practice,it is found that the adaptability of criminal expert assistants to expert witnesses has a certain practical basis,but attention should be paid to the interest orientation of expert witnesses in testifying.In the transformation path,the role and opinions of expert witnesses should be legalized,the scope of expert witness questioning should be reasonably expanded and regulated,independent questioning rules should be applied,and major errors of expert witnesses should be prevented through a system of accountability.