论修辞方法在刑事裁判说理中的适用

The Application of Rhetorical Methods in the Reasoning of Criminal Adjudication

如果将裁判文书说理的过程比喻为法律产品的生产过程,那么其对修辞方法的适用就是对法律产品去除瑕疵、进行美化的过程,通过修辞方法对裁判文书加以润色能够增强听众的认同感。在修辞方法的适用上,我国刑事裁判说理总体表现出表达较为生硬以及缺乏与听众对话等情况,这可能导致有些刑事裁判结论的合理性和可接受性不强。修辞方法在刑事裁判说理中的适用主要集中于疑难案件,且能够在事实认定的叙述、刑法适用的说理以及运用情理说服部分发挥作用。法律修辞不同于政治修辞、情感修辞、道德修辞以及文学修辞等修辞方法,刑事裁判说理应以法律修辞为主,其他修辞方法为辅,对定罪与量刑过程展开分析和说明。消极修辞主要在刑事裁判的事实认定和法律适用说理部分发挥作用,积极修辞常出现在刑事裁判运用情理说服的环节。修辞方法在刑事裁判说理中的适用必须基于维护和追求法治的立场,应避免其不当适用。法官在刑事裁判说理中对修辞方法的适用,应当建立在演绎推理形式逻辑的基础上,辅以修辞方法增强裁判结论的说理效果。

If the process of reasoning in the adjudication documents is compared to the production process of legal products,then the application of rhetoric methods is the process of removing defects and beautifying legal products,and polishing adjudication documents through rhetoric methods can enhance the audience's sense of identity.In the application of rhetorical methods,the reasoning of criminal judgment in our country shows the situation of hard expression,lack of dialogue with the audience,which leads to the lack of rationality and acceptability of some criminal adjudication conclusions.The application of rhetorical methods in the reasoning of criminal adjudication mainly focuses on difficult cases,and can play a role in the narration of fact finding,the reasoning of the application of criminal law and the persuasion of the use of sense.Legal rhetoric is different from political rhetoric,emotional rhetoric,moral rhetoric and literary rhetoric.Criminal adjudication should focus on legal rhetoric,supplemented by other rhetorical methods,to analyze and explain the process of conviction and sentencing.Negative rhetoric mainly plays a role in the fact finding and legal application of criminal adjudication,while positive rhetoric often appears in thepersuasion of the use of sense.The application of rhetorical methods in the reasoning of criminal adjudication must be based on the standpoint of maintaining and pursuing the rule of law,and its improper application should be avoided.The judge's application of rhetorical methods in the reasoning of criminal adjudication should be based on the formal logic of deductive reasoning and supplemented by rhetorical methods to enhance the reasoning effect of the adjudication conclusion.