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2008年汶川和2013年芦山地震触发滑坡全景回顾与比较分析

Panoramic Review and Comparative Analysis of Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Lushan Earthquake
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摘要 为给地震触发滑坡的防灾减灾救灾工作提供支持,需全面掌握地震同震滑坡的发育与分布特征。基于文献调研、高分辨率卫星影像与超高分辨率无人机航空影像目视解译,结合野外调查验证,以2008年汶川和2013年芦山2次地震触发的滑坡为例,介绍典型滑坡、同震滑坡数据库、滑坡分布规律等的研究情况。结果表明:汶川地震触发的滑坡数量多、分布面积广、规模大、危害严重,芦山地震触发滑坡的数量约是汶川地震的1/9,面积约是1/60,体积约是1/150,分布面积约是1/20;这2次地震的标量地震矩比率与同震滑坡发育程度比率大体相当,表明这2次地震触发滑坡差异的原因主要来自地震释放能量的差异;这2次地震触发滑坡的空间分布均呈现椭圆形展布的形态,且长轴与地震发震构造走向一致;同时,总结了汶川地震地壳抬升与同震滑坡导致震区地形变化的研究结果。 In order to support disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief efforts for earthquake-triggered landslides,it is essential to thoroughly understand the development and distribution characteristics of co-seismic landslides.Based on a literature review,and the visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images and ultra-high-resolution UAV aerial images,combined with the field investigation validation,landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes were taken as examples,research findings on typical landslides,co-seismic landslide databases,and landslide distribution rules were introduced.The results show that the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake present features of large amounts,wide areas,large scales and severe impacts;that the landslides triggered by the Lushan earthquake are about 1/9 of the number,1/60 of the area,1/150 of the volume,and 1/20 of the distribution area compared to those triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake;that the ratio of the scalar seismic moment is roughly equal to the ratio of the co-seismic landslide development degree for both earthquakes,indicating that the differences in landslides triggered by the two earthquakes are primarily due to variations in the energy release;and that the spatial distribution of landslides triggered by both earthquakes presents an elliptical pattern,with the long axis aligning with the fault rupture direction.Additionally,the findings on topographic changes in the seismic area caused by the crustal uplift and co-seismic landslides during the Wenchuan earthquake were summarized.
作者 许冲 XU Chong(National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China;Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China)
出处 《安全》 2024年第9期25-38,共14页 Safety & Security
基金 “十四五”国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3901205) 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务专项(2023-JBKY-57)。
关键词 龙门山地区 汶川地震 芦山地震 滑坡 比较 Longmenshan region Wenchuan earthquake Lushan earthquake landslide comparison
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