中国人工智能发展水平对劳动就业的影响——基于就业总量视角

Research on the Influence of Artificial Intelligence Development Level on Labor Employment:Based on Total Employment

在准“强人工智能”的背景下,作为推动社会生产力发展的新增长引擎,人工智能的持续发展对中国劳动就业是否有益,是否真的会引发“技术性失业”的焦虑和不安?基于此,以就业总量的视角,通过熵值法测度中国省级人工智能发展水平,选取2018—2022年省级面板数据,深入探究中国人工智能发展水平对劳动就业的影响,实证研究证明:人工智能发展水平对中国劳动就业有一定的阻碍作用。因此,有针对性地提出了加强人工智能教育和人才培养、提高人力资本、合理布局人工智能等优化人工智能和劳动就业关系的对策建议,为解决中国劳动力市场相关问题提供借鉴。

Under the background of quasi-"strong artificial intelligence,"as a new growth engine to promote the development of social productivity,is the continuous development of artificial intelligence(AI)beneficial to Chi-na's labor and employment,,and will it really trigger anxiety and unease of"technological unemployment"?Based on this,this paper measures the level of AI development at the provincial level in China through the entropy method from the perspective of total employment,and selects the provincial panel data from 2018 to 2022 to explore the im-pact of China's AI development level on labor employment.The empirical research proves that the level of AI devel-opment has a certain impediment to China's labor employment.Therefore,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to optimize the relationship between AI and labor employment,such as strengthening AI education and per-sonnel training,improving human capital,and rationally laying out AI,so as to provide a reference for solving the problems related to China's labor market.