锂电池模组液冷并联蛇形流道结构设计及优化

Design and optimization of liquid cooled parallel serpentine flow channel structure for lithium battery modules

锂离子电池被广泛应用于化学储能系统,然而由于该电池固有的产热特性,热失控成为了化学储能电站的一大安全隐患。因此优化设计电池热管理系统,有效避免热失控现象,对化学储能系统安全运行至关重要。文中设计了一种兼具串联折返与并联分支结构的新型并联蛇形流道液冷板,通过仿真实验,研究液冷板流道结构、液冷系统布置、冷却液入口流速对最高温度、温度分布均匀性、进出口压降的影响,以达到优化液冷系统的目的。结果表明,相同冷却液入口流速下,与传统并联流道相比,新型流道的最高温度降低0.2849 K、模组组内温差降低0.4663 K,与传统蛇形流道相比,其进出口压降减小40.18%;基于并联蛇形流道液冷板,液冷系统的最佳布置方案为冷却液二分口注入+液冷板交错布置;不同液冷板流速差异化设置,即两侧液冷板入口流速设定为0.1 m/s,居中液冷板入口流速设定为0.2 m/s,较四板保持相同流速为0.2 m/s的方案,电池模组组内温差降低13.62%,列间温差降低82.59%,能耗降低44.87%,达到“降本增效”的优化效果。合理的流道结构、交错的液冷板布置以及差异化的入口流速设计可以优化电池模组的液冷系统,增加电池模组运行的安全性。

Lithium ion batteries are widely used in chemical energy storage systems.However,due to their inherent heat generation characteristics,thermal runaway has become a major safety hazard for chemical energy storage power plants.Therefore,optimizing the design of a battery thermal management system to effectively avoid thermal runaway is crucial for the safe operation of chemical energy storage systems.A new type of parallel serpentine flow channel liquid cooling plate with both series turn back and parallel branch structures is designed.Through simulation experiments,the effects of the flow channel structure of the liquid cooling plate,the layout of the liquid cooling system,and the inlet flow velocity of the coolant on the maximum temperature,temperature uniformity,and inlet and outlet pressure drop are studied to optimize the liquid cooling system.The results show that,under the same coolant inlet flow rate,the maximum temperature of the new channel is reduced by 0.2849 K,and the temperature difference within the module is reduced by 0.4663 K compared with the traditional parallel flow channel.The inlet and outlet pressure drop is reduced by 40.18%compared with the traditional serpentine flow channel.Based on the parallel serpentine flow channel liquid cooling plate,the optimal layout scheme for the liquid cooling system is the injection of coolant at the two split ports and the staggered arrangement of the liquid cooling plate.Different liquid cooling plates have different flow velocity settings.The inlet flow velocity of the two liquid cooling plates is set to 0.1 m/s,and the inlet flow velocity of the central liquid cooling plate is set to 0.2 m/s.Compared with the same flow velocity of 0.2 m/s for the four plates,the temperature difference within the battery module group is reduced by 13.62%,the inter column temperature difference is reduced by 82.59%,and the energy consumption is reduced by 44.87%,achieving an optimization effect of′cost reduction and efficiency enhancement′.A reasonable flow channel structure,staggered cold plate layout,and differentiated inlet flow rate design can optimize the liquid cooling system of battery modules and increase the safety of battery module operation.