水稻粒形性状研究进展

Research Progress on Grain Shape Traits in Rice

水稻是世界上最重要的粮食之一,水稻产量和品质是水稻研究最重要的两大综合性状。水稻粒形直接影响水稻的产量和品质,是水稻产量和品质协同改良的重要靶标性状。在产量方面,粒长、粒宽和粒厚等粒形性状与决定水稻产量三要素的千粒重指标正相关。同时,粒形影响稻米的品质性状,与外观品质、垩白、整精米率和蒸煮食味品质密切相关。水稻粒形基因是受多基因控制的数量性状,研究者利用不同的水稻材料已经克隆了一批粒形主效基因,其分布在多条染色体上,调控不同的粒形性状,一些粒形基因还存在一因多效的情况,这些粒形基因的克隆对于水稻的遗传改良和粒形调控机理研究奠定了良好基础。

Rice is one of the most important grains in the world.Rice yield and quality are the two most important comprehensive characters in rice research.Grain shape directly affects the yield and quality of rice,which is an important target trait for yield and quality improvement.In the aspect of grain yield,the characters of grain length,grain width and grain thickness are positively correlated with the index of 1000-grain weight.At the same time,grain shape affects the quality traits of rice,which is closely related to appearance quality,chalkiness,head milled rice rate and cooking and eating quality.Rice grain-shape genes are quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.Researchers have cloned a number of grain-shape major genes from different rice materials,which distribute on multiple chromosomes and regulate different grain-shape traits,the cloning of some grain shape genes provides a good basis for genetic improvement and grain shape regulation in rice.