从校园到职场:成人初显期特征和道德基础

From College to Work Context:Emerging Adulthood Characteristics and Moral Foundations

为了解大学生和职场青年之间的成人初显期特征和道德基础的差异,并探讨成人初显期特征对道德基础的影响,采用成人初显期特征量表(IDEA-C)和道德基础量表(MFQ)对18~25岁的青年进行问卷调查。结果发现:在成人初显期特征上,职场青年的多种可能性、不稳定、有责任3个特征得分显著高于大学生,说明职场青年在这3个特征上的感受更强。在道德基础上,职场青年的关爱利他和权威尊重评分显著高于大学生,说明职场青年更重视这两类道德基础;职场青年的联结性道德评分显著高于大学生,说明职场青年在道德上更重视群体内规则和利益。以道德基础为因变量、成人初显期特征为预测变量的多元回归分析表明:职场阶段的自我探索、多种可能性两个特征能有效促进职场青年的个体化道德和联结性道德;大学阶段的自我探索对大学生的个体化道德有促进作用,不稳定、有责任两个特征对大学生的联结性道德有促进作用。研究表明成人初显期青年的道德具有很强的可塑性和适应性。从校园到职场,青年个体对所处环境的感知有助于道德基础的提升和稳定。

This study aimed to compare the characteristics and moral foundations of undergraduates and young employees,and to examine the role of emerging adulthood characteristics on moral foundations.To achieve this,we administered the inventory on undergraduates and young employees aged 18 to 25 with the inventory of the dimensions of emerging adulthood in China(IDEA-C)and the moral foundations questionnaire(MFQ).The key findings of this study are as follows.First,young employees scored significantly higher on possibilities,instability and responsibility than undergraduates,indicating that young employees had a stronger perception of these three characteristics.Secondly,young employees scored higher on the care/harm and authority/respect,indicating that young employees attached more importance to these two moral foundations.Thirdly,young employees scored higher on binding foundation than undergraduates,indicating that young employees paid much attention to in group rules and interests.With moral foundation as the dependent variable and characteristics of emerging adulthood as the predictor variables,the multiple regression analysis showed that self-exploration and possibilities in the workplace can effectively promote the individualizing foundation and binding foundation of young employees,self-exploration in the university stage promotes the individualizing foundation of undergraduates,and instability and responsibility promote the binding foundation of undergraduates.These findings indicate that moral values during emerging adulthood are highly malleable and adaptable.From campus to workplace,young individuals'perceptions of their environment enhance and stabilize their moral foundations.