图像与视觉:一种西方马克思主义的解读

Image and Vision:A Western Marxist Reading

20世纪初,伴随着机械复制技术的成熟,大量重复的、功能性的图像充斥着人们日常生活,并逐渐成为人们视觉经验的中心。复制时代的图像问题呈现为艺术与科技、媒介与社会等因素交互的新问题,而长期垄断图像研究的艺术史范式却无力对此做出有效回应。基于此,西方马克思主义学者将马克思的《资本论》、意识形态、媒介批判与受众研究等内容引入图像与视觉研究,开启了一种在实践视角下理解图像与视觉问题的新向度。不同于将图像理解为私人的、形而上学的、非物质的实体的倾向,西马学者致力于通过文化工业批判、意识形态理论及文化研究等范式揭示视觉文化内部的历史性、现实性与革命性。

At the beginning of the 20th century,along with the maturity of mechanical reproduction technology,a large number of repetitive and functional images filled people’s daily lives and gradually became the centre of their visual experience.The problem of images in the age of reproduction became a new problem of interaction between art and technology,media and society,etc.,to which the art historical paradigm,which has long monopolised the study of images,was unable to respond effectively.Based on this,Western Marxist scholars have introduced Marx’s Das Kapital,ideology,media critique and audience research into image and visual studies,opening up a new direction for understanding image and visual issues from a practical perspective.Unlike the tendency to understand images as private,metaphysical and immaterial entities,Western Marxist scholars are committed to revealing the historicity,reality and revolution within visual culture through the paradigms of cultural-industrial critique,ideological theory and cultural studies.