互叶白千层精油对红火蚁的驱避作用及活性成分筛选

Repellent effect of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on Solenopsis invicta Buren and identification of active components

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是全球十大最具破坏性的入侵生物之一,对人畜安全、农林业生产以及生态环境造成巨大危害。从植物精油中筛选红火蚁天然驱避化合物是红火蚁综合防控的重要手段之一。本研究采用动物运动轨迹跟踪系统Ethovision XT测试6种植物精油对红火蚁的驱避行为活性,通过GC-MS技术分析驱避效果最佳精油的化合物成分,并利用GC-EAD技术筛选对红火蚁具有触角电生理活性的目标化合物,最后通过挖沙生测法和Y型尺法测试目标化合物对红火蚁的驱避活性。结果表明,在所测试的6种植物精油中,互叶白千层精油对红火蚁的驱避活性最强。互叶白千层精油中含量最高的4种化合物依次为4-松油醇、萜品烯、α-松油烯和4-异丙基甲苯,含量分别为41.43%、11.22%、5.24%和4.61%。这4种化合物均能引起红火蚁工蚁的触角电生理反应。通过挖沙生测和Y型尺法行为实验表明,4-松油醇对红火蚁的驱避活性最强,而α-松油烯与4-异丙基甲苯在高浓度下对红火蚁具有一定的驱避活性,萜品烯对红火蚁无驱避活性。上述研究结果表明,4-松油醇是一种具有开发成红火蚁驱避剂潜力的天然活性化合物。

The red imported fire ant(Solenopsis invicta Buren)is considered one of the most destructive invasive species worldwide,posing significant threats to both human and livestock safety.Additionally,it causes substantial harm to agricultural and forestry production,as well as the ecological environment.One important method of integrated pest management for this species is screening natural repellents from plant essential oils.The study employed the Ethovision XT animal movement tracking system to evaluate the repellent activity of six plant essential oils against S.invicta.The most effective oil’s compound composition was analyzed using GC-MS,and the GC-EAD technique was used to screen target compounds with antennal electrophysiological activity against S.invicta.The repellent activity of the target compounds against S.invicta were tested using the digging sand assay and Y-maze method.Results showed that the essential oil from Melaleuca alternifolia exhibited the strongest repellent activity among the six plant essential oils tested.The four most abundant compounds in the M.alternifolia oil were 4-terpineol(41.43%),terpinolene(11.22%),α-pinene(5.24%),and 4-isopropyltoluene(4.61%).All four compounds elicited antennal electrophysiological responses in worker ants.Behavioural experiments were conducted using the digging sand assay and Y-maze method to determine the repellent activity of various compounds against S.invicta.The results showed that 4-terpineol exhibited the strongest repellent activity,whileα-pinene and 4-isopropyltoluene showed some repellent activity at high concentrations.Terpinolene,on the other hand,did not exhibit any repellent activity.These findings suggest that 4-terpineol has potential as a natural repellent compound for S.invicta.