甘蔗渣和菠萝渣对黑水虻幼虫生长发育和肠道微生物的影响

Effects of sugarcane bagasse and pineapple residue on the growth,development,and gut microbiota of black soldier fly larvae

本研究旨在研究甘蔗渣和菠萝渣饲喂黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫对其幼虫的生长性能及其肠道微生物的影响。试验分别以未发酵和自然发酵的甘蔗渣、菠萝渣为基础饲料,辅以不同比例的豆腐渣配制成不同饲料配方喂养黑水虻,测定黑水虻幼虫的生长性能及肠道微生物。结果显示,与以纯豆腐渣为基础饲料的对照(CK)相比,处理Ⅳ(80%发酵菠萝渣+20%豆腐渣)喂养黑水虻幼虫可显著提高预蛹前黑水虻幼虫平均体长、体重、生长性能及饲料利用率,降低料重比,养殖7 d后幼虫平均体长、体重、获得生物量、生长率、饲料利用率分别比CK高11.58%、46.69%、47.12%、46.75%、24.10%,料重比降低了19.18%。分别与以未发酵果渣为基础饲料的处理(Ⅰ、Ⅲ)相比,处理Ⅱ和Ⅳ提高了黑水虻预蛹前幼虫平均体长、体重、幼虫生长率和饲料利用率,降低了料重比。黑水虻幼虫肠道菌群聚类良好,处理Ⅰ~Ⅳ黑水虻幼虫肠道中,拟杆菌门的平均相对丰度显著高于CK,而处理Ⅱ~Ⅳ厚壁菌门的平均相对丰度显著低于CK,处理Ⅰ厚壁菌门的平均相对丰度差异低于CK但不显著。与CK比,处理Ⅰ~Ⅳ黑水虻幼虫肠道中,营发酵单胞菌属相对丰度(40.10%以上)显著增加,肠球菌属相对丰度显著降低,摩根氏菌属、放线菌属相对丰度降低但差异不显著,普罗威登斯菌属相对丰度增加但差异不显著。研究表明,处理Ⅳ黑水虻幼虫生长性能和饲料转化性能优于其他处理,发酵果渣处理优于非发酵处理,且不同饲料配方会引起黑水虻幼虫肠道菌群相对丰度的改变。

This study aims to investigate the effects of feeding black soldier fly(BSF)larvae with sugarcane bagasse and pineapple peel on their growth performance and gut microbiota.The experiment used unfermented and naturally fermented sugarcane bagasse and pineapple peel as base feed materials,supplemented with different proportions of tofu residue to create various feed formulations for feeding BSF larvae.The growth performance and gut microbiota of the BSF larvae were then measured.The results showed that compared to the control(CK),which used pure tofu residue as the base feed,treatment Ⅳ(80% fermented pineapple peel +20% tofu residue)significantly improved the average body length,weight,growth performance,and feed efficiency of the BSF larvae before they became prepupae,while reducing the feed conversion ratio(FCR).After 7 days of rearing,the average body length,weight,biomass gain,growth rate,and feed efficiency of larvae in treatment Ⅳ were 11.58%,46.69%,47.12%,46.75%,and 24.10%higher than those in CK,respectively,with the FCR reduced by 19.18%.Compared to treatments Ⅰ and Ⅲ,which used unfermented fruit residues as base feed,treatments Ⅱ and Ⅳ improved the average body length,weight,larval growth rate,and feed efficiency of the BSF larvae before prepupation,and reduced the FCR.The gut microbiota of BSF larvae clustered well.In treatments Ⅰ~Ⅳ,the average relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes in the larvae's gut was significantly higher than in CK,while the average relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in treatments Ⅱ~Ⅳ was significantly lower than in CK.The average relative abundance of Firmicutes in treatment I was lower than in CK but not significantly so.Compared to CK,the relative abundance of the genus Enterobacter in the gut of BSF larvae in treatments Ⅰ~Ⅳ increased significantly(over 40.10%),while the relative abundance of the genus Enterococcus decreased significantly.The relative abundance of the genera Morganella and Actinomyces decreased but not significantly,while the relative abundance of the genus Providencia increased but not significantly.The study indicated that treatment IV led to better growth performance and feed conversion efficiency in BSF larvae compared to other treatments,with fermented fruit residue treatments outperforming unfermented treatments.Additionally,different feed formulations caused changes in the relative abundance of the gut microbiota in BSF larvae.