组合式气象灾害下江汉平原杂交水稻的产量和品质表现

Yield and quality performance of hybrid rice in Jianghan Plain under combined meteorological disasters

2020年湖北省中稻前期经历连续晴日高温天气,随之又遭遇了长时间低温寡照天气,探讨这种组合式灾害天气条件下产量和品质的变化,是评估水稻产业化生产中气象灾害及其风险控制的重要方法。试验选取现行主推品种荃优华占、全两优鄂丰丝苗、Y两优1号、晶两优华占、兆优6377、Y两优900和隆两优华占共7个品种,采用2期播种,分别经历了高温(C1)和低温寡照(C2),测定了其产量和品质相关指标随播期及其天气条件的变化。结果表明,所有水稻品种在高温和低温寡照条件下产量和品质均受到影响,不同品种所受影响程度不同。产量方面,荃优华占和Y两优1号在C1下产量显著低于C2,Y两优900在C1下产量显著高于C2(P<0.05),其余品种在不同播期间无显著差异;品质方面,与C1相比,C2下绝大部分品种的整精米率、垩白度、垩白粒率等品质指标显著降低;通过对比相关品种在正常天气条件下的产量和品质表现可知,全两优鄂丰丝苗、晶两优华占、兆优6377和隆两优华占对高温和低温寡照均有较好的耐受性;荃优华占、Y两优900对高温、低温寡照均比较敏感。组合式气象灾害依据类型各有其特点,低温寡照灾害的危害有可能超越高温热害的危害。

In 2020,a typical rice disaster year,continuous sunny and high temperature weather happened in the early and middle Au-gust,followed by a long period of low temperature plus sparse sunshine in the middle and late September in Hubei Province.Observing rice yield and quality parameters under such combined disasters was of great significance for the risk control in rice industry.Seven main varieties,including Quanyouhuazhan,Quanliangyouefengsimiao,Y Liangyou No.1,Jingliangyouhuazhan,Zhaoyou 6377,Y Li-angyou 900 and Longliangyouhuazhan,were selected in this experiment.They were sowed in two stages and experienced high tempera-ture(C1),and low temperature and sparse sunlight(C2).The changes of yield and quality related indexes with sowing date and weather conditions were measured.The results showed that the yield and quality of all varieties were affected to some extents under the conditions of high temperature,and low temperature and sparse sunlight,and different varieties were affected to different degrees.The yield of Quanyouhuazhan and Y Liangyou No.1 under C1 was significantly lower than that under C2,the yield of Y Liangyou 900 under C1 was significantly higher than that under C2(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in other varieties between the two sowing treatments.As for the quality indexes,compared with C1,the quality indexes such as head rice rate,chalkiness degree and chalkiness rate of most varieties decreased significantly under the C2 sowing period.By comparing the yield and quality performance of related varieties under normal weather conditions,it was concluded that Quanliangyouefengsimiao,Jingliangyouhuazhan,Zhaoyou 6377 and Longliangyouhuazhan had good tolerance to high temperature,and low temperature and sparse sunlight.Quanhuayouzhan and Y Liangyou 900 were sensitive to both high temperature,and low temperature and sparse sunlight.Combined meteorological disas-ters had their own characteristics according to their types,and the harm of low temperature and sparse sunlight disasters might exceed the harm of high temperature heat damage.