22种金花茶显微结构差异分析

Analysis of microstructure difference of 22 Golden Camellia species

采用生药学常规的显微鉴定方法,观察22种金花茶[Camellia petelotii(Merr.)Sealy]根、茎、叶组织结构及粉末显微特征。结果表明,22种金花茶叶片粉末均可见(环纹、螺纹或孔纹)导管、草酸钙簇晶及不规则石细胞(分枝状),气孔不定式;毛瓣金花茶有较多的非腺毛,显脉金花茶含有大量草酸钙簇晶,大叶金花茶具有晶鞘纤维。22种金花茶的叶栅栏组织和海绵组织分化明显,栅栏组织内均可见草酸钙簇晶散在,栅栏组织在叶片内排列成1~3层;海绵组织内散有大型分枝状石细胞和草酸钙簇晶。陇瑞和大叶金花茶叶主脉有相连的2束维管束,其余金花茶均只有1束维管束。22种金花茶茎横切面主要分为木栓层、皮层、韧皮部、木质部和髓部5部分,根据茎横切面的皮层及韧皮部中石细胞数量可将金花茶分成2类,防城、扶绥、大叶、显脉及恩城金花茶茎横切面的皮层及韧皮部有石细胞环,其他金花茶茎横切面皮层及韧皮部的石细胞较少或极少。22种金花茶根横切面主要分为木栓层、皮层、韧皮部和木质部4部分,对根的解剖结构指标分析发现,大叶金花茶的木质化导管直径较大,是其他金花茶的3~4倍,具有鉴别意义。

The microstructure and powder microscopic characteristics of roots,stems and leaves of 22 kinds of Golden camellia spe-cies were observed by the conventional microscopic identification method of pharmacognosy.The results showed that the 22 kinds of Golden camellia species powder could be seen(ring,thread or pore)vessel,calcium oxalate cluster crystal,irregular and branched stone cells,and infinitive stomata;the Camellia pubipetala had more non-glandular hairs,the Camellia euphlebia contained a large number of calcium oxalate cluster crystals,and the Camellia chrysantha var.had crystal sheath fibers.The palisade tissue and sponge tissue of 22 kinds of Camellia nitidissima were obviously differentiated.Calcium oxalate cluster crystals were scattered in the palisade tissue,and the palisade tissue of Golden camellia species was arranged into 1~3 layers in the leaves.Large branched stone cells and calcium oxalate cluster crystals were scattered in the sponge tissue.There were two connected vascular bundles in the Camellia longru-iensis and Camellia chrysantha var.,and there was only one vascular bundle in the other Golden camellia species.The transverse sec-tion of 22 kinds of Camellia nitidissima stems was mainly divided into five parts:Cork layer,cortex,phloem,xylem and pith.Accord-ing to the number of stone cells in the cortex and phloem of the transverse section of the stem,Camellia nitidissima could be divided in-to two categories.There were stone cell rings in the cortex and phloem of the transverse section of the stems of Camellia nitidissima,Camellia fusuien achrysantha,Camellia chrysantha,Camellia euphlebia and Camellia enchengensis.There were few or very few stone cells in the cortex and phloem of the transverse section of other Camellia nitidissima stems.The transverse section of 22 kinds of Camel-lia nitidissima roots was mainly divided into four parts:Cork layer,cortex,phloem and xylem.After analyzing the anatomical struc-ture indexes of roots,it was found that the diameter of lignified vessels of Camellia chrysantha was larger,which was 3~4 times that of other Camellia nitidissima,and had differential significance.