饲料防腐剂对家蚕生长发育的影响及防腐效果

The influence of different feed preservatives on growth and development of silkworms(Bombyx mori L.)and their antiseptic effects

筛选适宜江西省小蚕人工饲料育的饲料防腐剂,为家蚕(Bombyx mori L.)人工饲料育技术推广应用提供理论支撑。选择纳他霉素、富马酸二甲酯、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙、多菌灵5种防腐剂添加到家蚕配合饲料中,以常规饲料为对照,开展不同饲料防腐剂对小蚕生长发育的影响及防腐效果研究。结果表明,人工饲料不同防腐剂对家蚕生长发育有一定影响,24 h疏毛率以添加山梨酸钾的处理最高,达94.54%,其他处理之间差异不显著;3龄眠蚕体重以添加丙酸钙和山梨酸钾的处理较高;蚁蚕结茧率以添加山梨酸钾的处理最高;死笼率以添加山梨酸钾的处理最低;各处理1龄眠蚕体重、2龄眠蚕体重和茧质之间差异不显著;人工饲料不同防腐剂防霉效果不同,家蚕饲养过程中以添加富马酸二甲酯、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙和对照的饲料霉变程度较轻,自然条件下以添加0.25%山梨酸钾饲料霉变程度最轻且保质期最长。人工饲料中添加0.25%山梨酸钾其防腐效果好、饲料保质期长,且有利于家蚕的生长发育。

The feed preservatives suitable for silkworm rearing in Jiangxi Province were screened,so as to provide theoretical support for the popularization and application of artificial diet rearing technology.Five preservatives,including natamycin,dimethyl fumarate,potassium sorbate,calcium propionate and Carbendazim,were added to the silkworm formula diet with the conventional diet as the cantrol,the effects of different feed preservatives on the growth and development of young silkworms and their antiseptic effects were studied.The results showed that,different preservatives in the artificial diet had a certain effect on the growth and development of silk-worm,Bombyx mori.The highest percentage of depilation in 24 hours was found in the treatment with added potassium sorbate,reach-ing 94.54%,while there was no significant difference among other treatments.The weight of the 3rd instar silkworm was high in the treatments with added calcium propionate and potassium sorbate.The highest percentage of cocoon formation and the lowest percentage of the dead worm cocoon were found in the treatment of adding potassium sorbate.There were no significant differences in 1st instar weight,2nd instar weight and cocoon quality of silkworms among different treatments.Different preservatives for artificial feed had dif-ferent anti-mildew effects.During the rearing process of the silkworm,the feed supplemented with dimethyl fumarate,potassium sor-bate and calcium propionate as well as the control had the least mildew degree.Under natural conditions,the feed with the addition of 0.25%potassium sorbate had the lightest mildew degree and the longest shelf life.Adding 0.25%potassium sorbate to the artificial diet had good antiseptic effect,and long shelf life of feed,and was beneficial to the growth and development of the silkworm.