黔西北山区不同地形地貌下农村居民点空间分异特征

Spatial differentiation characteristics of rural residential areas under different terrain and landforms in the mountainous areas of Northwest Guizhou

为揭示黔西北山区不同地形地貌下农村居民点的空间分异特征,以毕节市为例,基于高精度遥感影像,利用热点探测、核密度、空间叠加等方法,探究黔西北山区不同规模农村居民点的整体分异特征和其在不同地形地貌下的分异特征。结果表明,毕节市农村居民点分布较广泛,破碎化程度高,布局随性较强,以中等规模农村居民点分布为主;密度整体较大,整体表现为西部和东部高、中部低,高密度集聚区主要为大规模农村居民点集聚区,低密度集聚区主要为小规模农村居民点集聚区;不同地形地貌下毕节市农村居民点的分异特征均较明显。不同高程、坡向、地形起伏度范围内均以中等规模农村居民点为主,但不同规模农村居民点的分布有所不同,小规模农村居民点主要分布于高程1200~2400 m、坡度6°~35°、地形起伏度小于400 m的中山地貌内,对于坡向的选择性不大;中等规模和大规模农村居民点主要分布于高程1200~2400 m、坡度6°~35°、地形起伏度小于400 m、坡向为半阴坡和阳坡的中山地貌内。

In order to reveal the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural residential areas under different terrains and landforms in the mountainous areas of northwest Guizhou,taking Bijie City as an example,based on high-precision remote sensing images,methods such as hotspot detection,kernel density,and spatial superposition were used to explore the overall differentiation character-istics of rural residential areas of different scales in the mountainous areas of northwest Guizhou and their differentiation characteristics under different terrains and landforms.The results showed that rural residential areas in Bijie City were widely distributed,with a high degree of fragmentation and strong layout flexibility,mainly consisting of medium-sized rural residential areas;the overall density was relatively high,with higher values in the western and eastern regions and lower values in the central region,high density clusters were mainly large-scale rural residential areas,and low density agglomeration areas were mainly small-scale rural residential agglomeration areas;the differentiation characteristics of rural residential areas in Bijie City were quite obvious under different terrains and landforms.Within different elevations,slope orientations,and terrains undulations,medium-sized rural residential areas were the main ones,however,the distribution of rural settlements of different scales varied.Small-scale rural settlements were mainly distributed in the mountainous terrains with elevations ranging from 1200 to 2400 m,slopes ranging from 6°to 35°,and terrains undulations less than 400 m and the selectivity of slope orientation was not significant;medium and large-scale rural residential areas were mainly distribut-ed in the mid mountain terrains with elevations of 1200~2400 m,slopes of 6°~35°,terrains undulation less than 400 m,and slopes of semi-shaded and sunny slopes.