流域生态补偿制度的实践反思及其类型化建构

The Practice Reflection of Watershed Ecological Compensation System and Its Typological Construction

流域生态补偿制度是生态补偿制度的一个重要组成部分。普遍认为,我国流域生态补偿实践存在着基于流域源头的流域生态补偿模式、基于流域上下游的流域生态补偿模式和基于流域内水资源利用的水权交易补偿模式三种主要类型,通过对流域生态补偿制度的本质探讨,可以发现流域生态补偿制度的本质主要是为了保护生态利益,基于流域内水资源利用的水权交易补偿模式由于与该制度本质不相符合,应当从流域生态补偿制度的范畴之内予以剥离。在明晰流域生态补偿的实践类型之后,对流域生态补偿的概念运用类型化的方法重新界定,可以发现当下我国流域生态补偿制度可以以生态利益为标准类型化为流域生态保护补偿和流域生态损失补偿,并且未来流域生态补偿制度的构建也可以此为路径进行深化和拓展,这种流域生态补偿制度的类型化建构也可以对整个生态补偿制度完善提供参考意义。

Watershed ecological compensation system is an important part of ecological compensation system.Is generally believed that river basin ecological compensation practices in our country there is a model of river basin ecological compensation based on river source,based on river basin upstream and downstream river basin ecological compensation mode and based on basin water resources utilization of the water rights trading three main types of compensation mode,through the study on the essence of river basin ecological compensation system,can discover the essence of river basin ecological compensation system mainly is in order to protect the ecological interests,based on basin water resource utilization mode of water rights trading compensation due to do not conform with the system essence,should be from within the category of river basin ecological compensation system to be stripped.After clear river basin ecological compensation practices type,the concept of river basin ecological compensation using the method of typed redefine,can be found that the present system of compensation for watershed ecology in China on the basis of ecological interests type into river basin ecological compensation and watershed ecological loss compensation,and the construction of river basin ecological compensation system can also be the future path for deepening and expanding,this typed construction of river basin ecological compensation system can also provide a reference for the ecological compensation system improvement.