批判与超越:论马克思对黑格尔世界历史思想的发展

Criticism and Transcendence:on Marx’s Development of Hegel’s World-historical Thought

马克思在对黑格尔世界历史思想的继承、批判和超越上,形成了自己经典的世界历史思想。马克思世界历史思想的生成主体是“有生命的个人”而非“绝对精神”;发展的核心力量是“流动”的资本而非不断发展的“理性”;发展过程是依靠“交往”和“斗争”的不断扩大而非“精神”的辩证运动;发展的最终目的是实现人的自由而全面的发展,而非国家的、整体的自由。在当今“世界百年未有之大变局”的时代背景下,推动构建“人类命运共同体”,保证和平的世界秩序,实现全人类的自由和解放,是马克思世界历史思想的题中应有之义。

Marx formed his own classic world-historical thought based on the inheritance,criticism and transcendence of Hegel’s world-historical thought.The generating subject of Marx’s world-historical thought is“living individuals”rather than the“absolute spirit”.The core force of development is the“flowing”capital rather than the constantly developing“reason”.The development process relies on the continuous expansion of“communication”and“struggle”rather than the dialectical movement of the“spirit”.The ultimate goal of development is to achieve the free and all-round development of human beings,rather than the freedom of the state or the whole.Under the current background of the“unprecedented changes in a century in the world”,promoting the construction of a“community with a shared future for mankind”,ensuring a peaceful world order and achieving the freedom and liberation of all mankind are the inherent meanings of Marx’s world-historical thought.